tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62713630190520543822024-03-14T01:32:50.122-07:00iDeaamadeusprasetyo@yahoo.co.idiDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-88620840960952472702012-04-10T08:02:00.003-07:002012-04-10T08:02:41.464-07:00CERPEN : Ingin Punya Pacar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Nama : Anggita Hari Prasetyo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kelas : XI IPA 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Ingin
Punya Pacar<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Seorang
yang bernama </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Angin</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> merasa hidupnya sudah merasa lengkap, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Angin</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> berkata aku punya ayah
yang baik padaku dan ibu selalu sayang padaku,bahkan aku berasal dari keluarga yang
kaya dan akupun pandai dalam pelajaran apapun ,ia pun merasa puas dan bahagia ,
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Angin</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> mempunyai sahabat sejati yang bernama </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ris.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada hari minggu aris
mengajak ku untuk pergi bermain pada suatu taman rekreasi, kami
bersenang-senang disana, secara tidak sengaja aku melihat ad</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> sepasang kekasih yang
bersama-sama sedang menghabiskan waktu berdua tanpa sadar aku</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">memandang sepasang
kekasih itu dengan pandangan cemburu, kini aku baru sadar bahwa hidupku belum
lengkap</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">kar</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">na aku belum mempuyai
seorang kekasih sambil melamun dengan memegang ice cream di tangan ku secara
tidak sengaja aku menabarak seseorang yang sedang memegang anjing di tangannya
secara tidak langsung aku lari karna aku takut dengan anjing, anjing
itupun ikut mengejar aku lari sekuat tenaga, untungnya ada
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ris yang membantuku apa
jadinya bila </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ris tak ada bisa-bisa aku jadi makan siangnya .Tak terasa matahari
sudah tak terlihat sinarnya lagi, aku dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ris pulang kerumah kami
masing-masing.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sesampainya dirumah kini aku masih
membayangkan sepasang kekasih yang berada ditaman rekreasi tadi yang begitu
mersa, waktu terus bertambah tak</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">terasa sudah lewat tengah ten</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">g</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ah malam akupun ingin mempuyai keinginan untuk
mempuyai seorang kekasih .ku bertekat walau ku harus berkorban untuk
mendapatkannya, apapun hambatannya kan kucari walau kepelosok untuk
mendapatkannya malam kian larut akupun tertidur pulas dengan berharap ada
seorang perempuan mau untuk menjadi kekasihku.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Malam senin berganti dengan senin pagi jampun
membangunkan ku itu saatnya ku mandi dan berganti pakaian sekolah
.aku peri kesekolah bersama aris .sesampainyan kami disekolah bel sekolah telah
berbunyi itu waktunya untuk upacara hari senin pada saat aku ikut
melaksanakan upacara hari senin, hingga hamp</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">r telah selesai, ada seorang perempuan baris
didekatku, berparas cantik menawan,berambut panjang, berkulit halus,
tetapi ada yang aneh dengannya mukanya pucat, mataya sayu, seperti orang yang
tidak ber tenaga .tak lama kemudian perempuan itu pingsan dan tidak
sengaja aku menangkap tubuhnya yang akan jatuh, dan saat ku menagkap tubuhnya
sesuatu yang aneh terjadi kepadaku jantungku berdetak dengan keras, drahku
seperti mengalir dengan deras hingga kekepalaku hingga mukaku merah .aku
berkata dalam hati “ perasaan apa ini mengapa ku jadi aneh kayak gini, apa
yang terjadi dengan ku, apakah ini rasanya jatuh cinya tak</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">mungkin</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">suka</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> padanya “ tapi tak dapat ku pungkiri aku memang
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">suka</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> padanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Walau hanya satu menit ku pegang tubuh nya seakan ia telah menjadi
milikku perempuan itupun di bawa ke ruang </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">UKS</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> dengan segera. Setelah beberapa lama perempuan
itu tersadar dari pingsannya dan saat istirahat sekolah, perempuan itu
menghampiri ku dengan rasa malu-malu sambil mengucapkan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“ </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">terima kasih tadi sudah menahan kujatuh </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“ </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">aku berkata </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">sama-sama</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">...”</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> perempuan itu mengulurkan tangannya untuk ber kenalan denganku
dia berkata </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“ </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tasya</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">”</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> sambil menjabat tangan ku, aku </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Angin”</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> “</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sebagai tanda terima kasih telah menolongku, aku
ingin jalan-jalan dan kamu harus ikut ka</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">rena</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> kamu sudah menolong ku tadi bagaimana </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Angin</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> apa kau mau ikut</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">?” akupun menjawab terbata</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">mm.. mm.. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ya ya ya okelah nanti pulang sekolah aku tunggu kamu didepan
gerbang sekolah</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">.”</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">sampai</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ketemu lagi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Angin”</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Aku kembali kekelas dengan bahagia, aku duduk
dengan sahabat ku </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ris sambil membayangkan
wajah Tasya yang cantik. tanpa sadar </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ris memandang wajahku lalu berkata ada apa dengan sahabatku,
mukamu seperti ora</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">g yang mendapatkan
undian yang sangat banyak .tidak aku hanya sedang senang saja hari ini dengan
wajah yang gembira, aris berkata kepadaku aku senang bila sahabat ku pun senang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jarum jam pun berputar dengan sangat cepat bel
pulang pun ber bunyi, akupun menunggu didepan gerbang sekolah aku melihat Tasya
dengan rambut tergerai, wah benar-benar cantik dilihat dari mana pun tetap saja
cantik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> “
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tasya kita mau kemana</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">? “</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tasya berkata </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“ </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">aku mau kamu yang menentukannya boleh kan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">? “</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">yasudah aku mau mengajak mu ketempat yang meyenangkan, tapi
sebelum kita pergi ketempat itu aku mau ngajak kamu makan biar kamu nanti tidak
pingsan oke</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">??</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> hehehehe kamu mau makan apa Tasya </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">?” </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tasya menjawab </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“ </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">aku lagi mau makan ba</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">K</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">so nih, yasudah aku tau tempat warung baso
di dekat sini</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sesampainya kami di Depan warung baso
kami masuk dan duduk, pelayan pun men</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">g</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">hampiri kami dan menawarkan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">mau makan apa?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Aku bertanya </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“T</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">as kamu mau makan apa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">?”</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“mmm..</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">
aku mau makan baso telor </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ja, minumnya, es t</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">eh</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> manis </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ja</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Angin</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> berkata k</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">pada pelayan mas baso
telor dua es teh manisnya dua.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Selagi kami menunggu pesanan kami, aku
mengobrol-obrol dengan Tasya .tidak lama kemudian pelayan dat</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ng dengan membawakan pesanan kami, setelah memakan
semangkuk baso dan segelas t</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">eh</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> manis perut kamipun telah terisi, kami pun melanjutkan perjalanan
pergi ke sebuah taman rekreasi disana kami naik permainan yang sangat
mengasikan aku melihat wajah Tasya yang begitu cantik saat ia sedang tertawa
sambil menatap wajahnya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-6679895548881551392011-12-13T22:59:00.000-08:002011-12-13T22:59:27.883-08:00soal-soal TOEFL buat kamu....<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>IN</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:24.0pt;line-height:115%; mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-size:24.0pt;line-height:115%">TOEFL Practice</span><span style="font-size:24.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> !</span><span style="font-size:24.0pt;line-height:115%" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-size:24.0pt;line-height:115%"><br /></span><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%">Table of Contents</span></b><br />Section 1: Listening…………………………………………………………….. 3<br />Listening: Part A………………………………………………………………. 3<br />Listening: Part B………………………………………………………………. 7<br />Section 2: Structure …………………………………………………………… 15<br />Section 3: Reading…………………………………………………………….. 18<br /> <br /> <span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#C00000;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#C00000; background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">3</span></i><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%">Section 1: Listening</span></b><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />The Listening section of the test measures the ability to understand conversations and<br />talks in English. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the<br />speakers you hear. Do not take notes.<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:#0070C0">Listening: Part A</span><br />In this part you will see short conversations between two people. Choose the best answer<br />to each question. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the<br />speakers.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:#C00000">1.</span> Woman: Pardon me. Do you know what time that this store opens?<br />Man: I do not, but I believe that it is written on the door.<br />Narrator: What does the man imply that the woman should do?<br />a. Look on the door<br />b. Open the door<br />c. Ask someone else<br />d. Come back later<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:#C00000">2.</span> Woman: I am going to buy Johnny a toy train for his birthday.<br />Man: Are you sure he’d like one?<br />Narrator: What does the man imply?<br />a. Johnny loves toy trains<br />b. Johnny already has too many toy trains<br />c. Johnny said he wants a toy train<br />d. Johnny may prefer something else<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#C00000;mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#C00000">3.</span> Man: I need some shampoo for my hair.<br />Woman: All of the shampoo is in the back of the store on the third shelf.<br />Narrator: What will the man probably do?<br />a. Walk out of the store<br />b. Buy the shampoo<br />c. Come back later<br />d. Go to another store<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:#C00000;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow; mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="color:#C00000;background: yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">4</span><br /><span style="color:#C00000">4.</span> Man: Are you going to go to the University of Texas to get your Doctorate?<br />Woman: I don’t think so.<br />Man: Why, have you been accepted to any other schools?<br />Woman: Yes, I have received news of acceptance from LSU, University of<br />Tennessee, and Harvard.<br />Narrator: What are the speakers discussing?<br />a. The University of Texas<br />b. Schools with Doctorate programs<br />c. Where the woman will go to school<br />d. Who can get accepted to the most schools<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:#C00000">5.</span> Man: I’m really tired on studying for economics every weekend.<br />Woman: I hear you.<br />Narrator: What does the woman mean?<br />a. She has excellent hearing<br />b. She has heard the man talk about this frequently<br />c. She understands his point of view<br />d. She needs to have her ears checked<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />6. Man: We are going to get ice cream. Would you like to come with us?<br />Woman: I am waiting for a package to be delivered.<br />Narrator: What does the woman imply?<br />a. She does not eat ice cream<br />b. She has no money<br />c. She does not like packages<br />d. She will not be going<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />7. Woman: Are you going to go to the ball game?<br />Man: You bet!<br />Narrator: What does the man mean?<br />a. He will place a wager on the ball game<br />b. He will definitely go to the ball game<br />c. He likes to gamble<br />d. He does not like ball games<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:#C00000;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">5</span><br />8. Man: That’s a nice car.<br />Woman: I got it almost four years ago.<br />Man. It looks brand new.<br />Woman: Yes, it’s in good shape.<br />Narrator: What does the woman mean?<br />a. The woman needs a new car<br />b. She likes to exercise<br />c. She has a new car<br />d. The car is in good condition<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />9. Man: Did you get you movie passes?<br />Woman: I spoke to your secretary about it, and she took care of it for me.<br />Narrator: What does the man mean?<br />a. The secretary was responsible for getting the movie passes<br />b. The are no movie passes<br />c. He has the movie passes<br />d. The movie passes are in the mail<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />10. Man: How do you like living in America?<br />Woman: I am used to it know.<br />Narrator: What does the woman mean?<br />a. She has always liked living in America<br />b. She hates living in America<br />c. She is accustomed to living in America<br />d. She would rather live in America<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />11. Woman: Marie sure likes shopping.<br />Man: If only she liked doing homework as well!<br />Narrator: What does the man imply about Marie?<br />a. She is very likeable<br />b. She does not put much effort into her homework<br />c. She goes to the mall everyday<br />d. She has a lot of homework<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">12. Man: I thought I was supposed to perform the experiment in Room 45.<br />Woman: No. Ticket 45 is in Room 54.<br />Narrator: What will the man probably do?<br />a. Go to Room 54<br />b. Go to Room 45<br />c. Buy a ticket<br />d. Go home<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:#C00000;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">6</span><br />13. Man: Did you know that Tracey and Bob are back from their honeymoon to Las<br />Vegas?<br />Woman: So they did get married after all.<br />Narrator: What had the woman assumed about Tracey and Bob?<br />a. They were still in Las Vegas<br />b. They would not get married<br />c. They had a spectacular wedding<br />d. They hate Las Vegas<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />14. Man: Do you usually take a nap?<br />Woman: I do now and then.<br />Narrator: What does the woman mean?<br />a. She occasionally takes a nap<br />b. She always takes a nap<br />c. She never takes a nap<br />d. She used to take a nap<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />15. Man: Can you believe it? I got an A on my Finance exam<br />Woman: Way to go!<br />Narrator: What does the woman mean?<br />a. She is asking where to go<br />b. She wants him to leave her alone<br />c. She is congratulating him<br />d. She thinks he is a liar<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />16. Man: How did the job interview go?<br />Woman: I could not have been more pleased.<br />Narrator: What does the woman mean?<br />a. The interview went very well<br />b. The woman did not like the interview<br />c. The interview was cancelled<br />d. The interview went terrible<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">17. Man: Do you mind if I turn on some music for a while?<br />Woman: No, I don’t mind.<br />Narrator: What does the woman mean?<br />a. Music will not bother her<br />b. She hates listening to music<br />c. She wants to think harder<br />d. She does not have any music<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:#C00000;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">7</span><br /><span style="color:#0070C0">Listening: Part B</span><br />In this part you will see several longer conversations and talks. You should answer each<br />question on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the conversation or<br />talks.<br />Narrator: Listen to a lecture by a biology instructor.<br />Many people think of gorillas as dangerous killers. One reason for this is that<br />television and movies often show these animals this way. But gorillas are really gentle<br />animals.<br />The gorilla is a vegetarian. It lives in the African rain forests where it finds the<br />fruits and plants it needs to survive. A large, wild gorilla might eat over 40 pounds of<br />leaves and fruit in one day.<br />Unfortunately, these peaceful creatures are in danger of becoming extinct. Each<br />year, large areas of the rain forests are being cut down. Because there is less and less<br />food from these forests, the number of wild gorillas is becoming smaller and smaller.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />18. The passage describes gorillas as being:<br />a. Dangerous killers<br />b. Carnivores<br />c. TV and movie stars<br />d. Gentle animals<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />19. According to the passage, why are gorillas in danger?<br />a. Because people keep hunting them.<br />b. Because they eat too much.<br />c. Because forests get too much rain.<br />d. Because their food supply is being destroyed.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />20. If something is becoming extinct, it is:<br />a. Becoming lively.<br />b. Dying out.<br />c. Growing wild.<br />d. Getting sick.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />Narrator: Listen to the conversation between two graduate students.<br />Woman: What did you think about the assignment we were supposed to complete for our<br />statistics class?<br />Man: I haven’t done mine yet. Is it difficult?<br />Woman: Kind of. It was full of problems.<br />Man: Derivative problems?<br />Woman: Not really, More a review of the whole semester.<br />Man: Oh.<br />Woman: It was time consuming.<br />Man: Really?<br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">8</span><br />Woman. Yes. I started it at about lunch time and didn’t finish it until supper.<br />Man: I’m surprised at that.<br />Woman: I was too, I did not expect our professor would give us so much.<br />Man: He usually doesn’t.<br />Woman: I know. That is why I was surprised.<br />Man: Well, I do have some free time this afternoon. Do you know when it is due?<br />Woman: Tomorrow.<br />Man: Well, I better get moving.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />21. What was on the assignment?<br />a. Derivative problems<br />b. A review of the whole semester<br />c. What was for lunch<br />d. A surprise<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />22. What did the students find surprising?<br />a. The length of the assignment<br />b. The problems<br />c. Lunch<br />d. The professor<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />23. What did the woman start at lunchtime?<br />a. The assignment<br />b. Derivative problems<br />c. Eating<br />d. A surprise<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">24. What will the man probably do next?<br />a. Eat supper<br />b. Move out<br />c. Complete the assignment<br />d. Ask the woman to supper<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />Narrator: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a clerk in a college<br />bookstore.<br />Man: I need to buy an basic English textbook.<br />Woman: Okay. What is the course number?<br />Man: You mean there is more than one<br />Woman: Sure. We offer Poetry, Writing, and Literature.<br />Man. If I take Poetry will we write sonnets?<br />Woman: Not really. The Poetry class is very basic rhyming.<br />Man: Great. That is what I wanted to hear. How much is that one?<br />Woman: It’s twenty-nine dollars, plus a ten-dollar notebook fee.<br />Man: Wait a minute, can’t I just use my own notebook.<br />Woman: Most students prefer the special poetry notebook, so we made it a requirement.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:red"><br /><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">9</span></span><br />Man: Okay. I’ll take one Poetry book and notebook. Do you take credit cards?<br />Woman: Yes, but you don’t have to pay now. Just fill out this form and we will bill you.<br />Man: Sounds great.<br />25. What kind of English textbook does the man decide to buy?<br />a. Writing<br />b. Literature<br />c. Poetry<br />d. Sonnets<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />26. How much does the Poetry book cost?<br />a. Twenty-nine dollars<br />b. Ten-dollars dollars<br />c. Thirty-nine dollars<br />d. Twenty-eight dollars<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />27. Why do the students purchase a poetry notebook?<br />a. Because they like poetry<br />b. They are out of paper<br />c. It is required<br />d. It makes them feel special<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">28. How will the man pay for the textbook?<br />a. With a check<br />b. With cash<br />c. With a credit card<br />d. With an exchange<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />29. What will the man probably do?<br />a. Pay now<br />b. Pay with a bill<br />c. Go to another store<br />d. Buy another textbook<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a wetlands ecology class. The professor is talking<br />about sanderlings.<br />Urbanization and coastal development has dramatically reduced the beach habitat<br />available for foraging shorebirds worldwide. This study tested the general hypothesis that<br />recreational use of shorebird foraging areas adversely affects the foraging behavior of<br />sanderlings Calidris alba. Observations conducted on two central California beaches from<br />January through May and September through December of 1999 showed that number and<br />activity of people significantly reduced the amount of time sanderlings spent foraging.<br />Although the sample size was low, the most significant negative factor was the presence<br />of free running dogs on the beach. The experimentally determined minimal approach<br />distance did not vary significantly with the type of human activities tested. Based on<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">10</span><br />these results, policy recommendations for minimizing the impact of human beach<br />activities on foraging shorebirds include: (1) people maintain a minimum distance of 30<br />m from areas where shorebirds concentrate and (2) strict enforcement of leash laws<br />Fig. 1<br />A total of 492 focal birds were observed, of which a sanderling was disturbed by<br />passing humans on an average of one every 15 min with 96% of those sanderlings<br />responding to humans at a distance of 30 m or less (Fig. 1). Sanderlings responded to<br />human activity by either running (42%) or flying (58%). Within the 1-min sampling time,<br />the disturbed sanderling generally moved once (58%), with 42% moving more than once<br />due to human disturbance.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />30. What hypothesis did this study test?<br />a. People maintain a minimum distance from where shorebirds congregate.<br />b. Recreational use of shorebird foraging areas conversely affects the foraging<br />behavior of sanderlings.<br />c. Recreational use of shorebird foraging areas adversely affects the foraging<br />behavior of sanderlings.<br />d. Recreational use of shorebird foraging areas adversely affects the foraging<br />behavior of sanderlings. 42% of shorebirds move due to human disturbance.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />31. What percent of responding sanderlings were disturbed by passing humans at a<br />distance of 10 meters or less?<br />a. More than 70 percent<br />b. More than 80 percent<br />c. Less than 60 percent<br />d. Less than 0 percent<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">11</span><br />32. What are some environmentally sound results to come from this study?<br />a. Enforcement of leash laws would be effective.<br />b. Observe Calidris Alba daily.<br />c. People should maintain a minimum distance of 30 meters from shorebirds.<br />d. Coastal development has dramatically reduced the beach.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />33. This experiment determined that the most significant negative factor to reduce the<br />amount of time that sanderlings spent foraging was:<br />a. Humans passing once every 15 minutes.<br />b. Humans disturbing the sand<br />c. Sanderlings running or flying<br />d. Free running dogs<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a graduate assistant in the<br />marketing department.<br />Man: May I help you?<br />Woman: Hello, My name is Rebecca Smith and I have an appointment Monday at ten<br />o’clock with Dr. Cudd.<br />Man: Yes, ten on Monday. I see it here on his planner.<br />Woman: Well, I was wondering if it would be possible to move my appointment until<br />later in the afternoon on Monday.<br />Man: I’m sorry, but Dr. Cudd is tied up in meetings all afternoon.<br />Woman: Oh.<br />Man: There is an appointment earlier that morning, if that would help you. Or you could<br />see him Tuesday afternoon at two.<br />Woman. No thanks. I’ll just rearrange my schedule.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /> <br /> <span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">34. Why did the woman go to the marketing department?<br />a. To change her appointment time<br />b. To schedule her appointment<br />c. To cancel her appointment<br />d. To rearrange her class schedule<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />35. What does the man say about Dr. Cudd?<br />a. He will be out of town Monday<br />b. He will be rescheduling all Monday appointments for Tuesday<br />c. He is busy Monday afternoon<br />d. He is available Monday afternoon<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />36. What did the graduate assistant offer?<br />a. To give her an appointment Monday afternoon<br />b. To give her an appointment Tuesday at two, or earlier Monday<br />c. To cancel her appointment<br />d. To give her an appointment next week<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">12</span><br />37. What did the woman decide to do?<br />a. Make a new appointment<br />b. Keep the original appointment<br />c. Go to the meeting with Dr. Cudd<br />d. Go to another department<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a macroeconomics class. The professor will be<br />taking about the indicators business cycle.<br />Because the business cycle is related to aggregate economic activity, a popular<br />indicator of the business cycle in the U.S. is the Gross Domestic Product or GDP. The<br />financial media generally considers two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth to<br />indicate a recession. Used as such, the GDP is a quick and simple indicator of economic<br />contractions. However, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) weighs<br />GDP relatively low as a primary business cycle indicator because GDP is subject to<br />frequent revision and it is reported only on a quarterly basis (the business cycle is tracked<br />on a monthly basis). The NBER relies primarily on indicators such as the following:<br />• employment<br />• personal income<br />• industrial production<br />Additionally, indicators such as manufacturing and trade sales are used as<br />measures of economic activity.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">38. What is the main topic of this lecture?<br />a. Gross Domestic Product<br />b. Indicators of the business cycle<br />c. National Bureau of Economic Research<br />d. Employment<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />39. Which of the following is used as a quick and simple indicator of economic<br />contractions?<br />a. Gross Domestic Product<br />b. Employment<br />c. Personal Income<br />d. Industrial Production<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />40. What is used to indicate a recession?<br />a. two consecutive quarters of negative growth<br />b. two consecutive quarters of positive growth<br />c. four nonconsecutive quarters of negative growth<br />d. four nonconsecutive quarters of positive growth<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">13</span><br />41. What is an indicator that the NBER relies upon? Please choose two answers.<br />a. growth<br />b. employment<br />c. product movement<br />d. personal income<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />Narrator: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and her professor.<br />Emily: Thank you for letting me speak with you today, Dr. Miller. I would like to talk<br />with you about my semester average.<br />Dr. Miller: I see.<br />Emily: Well to be honest with you, I was upset when I saw my grade. I thought that it<br />would have been better.<br />Dr. Miller: Why is that?<br />Emily: I got an A on my midterm project.<br />Dr. Miller: I remember how good yours was.<br />Emily: I received an A on my final exam, but I still received a B in your class.<br />Dr. Miller: Your grades were very good according to my grade book.<br />Emily: Can you explain why I received a B instead of an A?<br />Dr. Miller: Twenty percent of you grade was based on your participation in the class<br />discussions. Even though you always did well on you assignments, you never added your<br />opinions or volunteered in class.<br />Emily: But I tried, I am just shy.<br />Dr. Miller: I am sorry Emily the syllabus states that everyone must participate in order to<br />receive there full grade for the class.<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />42. What event prompted this discussion?<br />a. Emily’s semester average<br />b. Emily’s midterm project<br />c. Emily’s final exam<br />d. Emily’s participation<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />43. Where is the conversation most likely occurring?<br />a. Grocery store<br />b. Dr. Miller’s office<br />c. Emily’s office<br />d. Swimming pool<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />44. What is the grade that Emily received on her final exam?<br />a. A<br />b. B<br />c. C<br />d. D<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">14</span><br />45. Why did Emily receive that grade in the course?<br />a. Dr. Miller did not like her<br />b. She was late to class<br />c. She never did her assignments<br />d. She did not participate in the class discussions<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">15</span><br /><span style="color:#0070C0">Section 2: Structure</span><br />This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate<br />for standard written English.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />1. The Eiffel Tower ___________ Paris, France.<br />a. landmarks<br />b. is landmarked in<br />c. is a landmark in<br />d. is in a landmark<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">2. Young deer _________.<br />a. are called fawns<br />b. be fawns<br />c. is fawns<br />d. are fawns called<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />3. Not until a dog is several months old does it begin to exhibit signs of<br />independence ___________.<br />a. its mother from<br />b. from mother<br />c. to mother<br />d. from its mother<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />4. <span style="color:#00B050">The Treasury Department</span> <span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>a.is take a new look at regulations limiting the b.number<br />of interest that bank and c.savings, and loan associations d.can pay on deposits.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />5. a.Him should b.be careful with that vase because c.it is very old d.and extremely<br />fragile.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />6. <span style="color:#00B050">The repair shop</span> a.keep my cassette player for six weeks before b.returning it,<br />c.nevertheless, d.it still does not work properly.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />7. To score a goal in soccer you ________.<br />a. must kick the ball<br />b. must kicks the ball<br />c. may kick them ball<br />d. must kick them balls<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />8. The observation deck at the Sears Tower _________ in Chicago.<br />a. is highest than any other one<br />b. is highest than any other one<br />c. is higher than any other one<br />d. is higher that any other one<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">16</span><br />9. If it _________ so cloudy, we would plan on having the fair outside.<br />a. was<br />b. was not<br />c. weren’t<br />d. had not<br />10. At the 1984 Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, Geraldine Ferraro<br />became the first woman _________ for the vice presidency.<br />a. to being nominated<br />b. to has been nominated<br />c. to have been nominated<br />d. to will be nominated<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />11. <span style="color:#00B050">Pearl Buck, a</span>.a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize b.for Literature in 1938 c.strove<br />to bring understanding and peace d.on everyone.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />12. <span style="color:#00B050">In most circumstances</span> a.the person that owns the property b.can claim the rights<br />c.as money made d.from drilling oil on their property.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />13. _______ chocolate will give you a tummy ache.<br />a. Eat too much<br />b. Eating to much<br />c. Eating too much<br />d. Eating too many<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />14. If she ____________ to advance her clock one hour, she wouldn’t have been late<br />for work.<br />a. should have remembered<br />b. could remembered<br />c. remembered<br />d. would have remembered<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />15. <span style="color:#00B050">It </span>a.was obvious from his response in the press conference b.that the candidate<br />c.prepare his answers d.well.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />16. A dream about falling _________.<br />a. scary is<br />b. is scary<br />c. are scary<br />d. very scary is<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />17. George Washington _________first U.S. President.<br />a. was the<br />b. became<br />c. were the<br />d. are the<br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">17</span><br />18. Amelia Earhart was _______________ to pilot her plane across the Atlantic<br />Ocean.<br />a. the first and a woman<br />b. the first woman<br />c. who the first woman<br />d. the woman who first<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />19. a.Crawfish farming b.have been practiced in south Louisiana c.for many d.years.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />20. <span style="color:#00B050">The main purpose</span> a.of this class is to b.help you better understand the c.history of<br />there country, and how d.it came to be.<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />21. ____________ a tree can be grown from a seedling.<br />a. That is generally believed<br />b. Believed generally is<br />c. Generally believed it is<br />d. It is generally believed that<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />22. <span style="color:#00B050">The White Rose Bridge,</span> a.which close today, for b.resurfacing will not be c.open<br />for d.two months.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />23. a.When I joined the staff b.of the newspaper, I c.were taught to write short,<br />powerful d.headlines.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />24. a.Since the official school colors b.are red and white, c.all of us d.has worn red and<br />white to the championship game.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />25. The poverty level in the United State is currently set __________________.<br />a. at 12,000 dollars or less.<br />b. as 12,000 dollars or less.<br />c. at 12,000 dollars as less<br />d. at 12,000 dollar or less.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">18</span><span style="color:red"><br /></span><span style="color:#0070C0">Section 3: Reading</span><br />This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short passages<br />similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American<br />universities and colleges. This section contains reading passages and questions about the<br />passages.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy. He was the<br />illegitimate son of Ser Piero, a Florentine notary and landlord, but lived on the estate and<br />was treated as a legitimate son.<br />In 1483, Leonardo da Vinci drew the first model of a helicopter. It did not look<br />very much like our modern day “copter,” but the idea of what it could do was about the<br />same.<br />Leonardo was an artist and sculptor. He was very interested in motion and<br />movement and tried to show it in his art. In order to show movement, he found it helpful<br />to study the way things moved. One subject he liked to study was birds and how they<br />flew. He spent many hours watching the birds and examining the structure of their<br />wings. He noticed how they cupped air with their wings and how the feathers helped<br />hold the air. Through these studies, Leonardo began to understand how birds were able<br />to fly.<br />Like many other men, Leonardo began to dream of the day when people would be<br />able to fly. He designed a machine that used all the things he had learned about flight,<br />and thus became the first model of a helicopter.<br />Poor Leonardo had only one problem, however. He had no way to give the<br />necessary speed to his invention. You see, motors had not yet been invented and speed<br />was an important part of the flying process. It would be another four hundred years<br />before the engine was invented and another fifty years before it was put to the test in an<br />airplane. Leonardo’s dream of a helicopter finally came to pass in 1936.<br />The Italian painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist, Leonardo died on<br />May 2, 1519, and was buried in the cloister of San Fiorentino in Amboise.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">19</span><br />1. What is the author’s main point?<br />a. The invention of the helicopter.<br />b. Birds cup air with their wings and use feathers to help hold the air.<br />c. An overview of one of Leonardo da Vinci’s many skills.<br />d. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 and died in 1519.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />2. The word problem in paragraph five could best be replaced by the word:<br />a. dilemma<br />b. mistake<br />c. danger<br />d. Pain<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">3. The word it in paragraph two refers to:<br />a. Leonardo da Vinci<br />b. The first model helicopter<br />c. 1483<br />d. motion and movement<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />4. Which paragraph explains why Leonardo’s helicopter was not successful in his<br />lifetime:<br />a. paragraph 1<br />b. paragraph 2<br />c. paragraph 4<br />d. paragraph 5<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />5. The word illegitimate in paragraph one is closest in meaning to:<br />a. against the law or illegal<br />b. not in correct usage<br />c. incorrectly deduced; illogical<br />d. born out of wedlock<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">20</span><br />6. The following sentence would best complete which paragraph? “Since then<br />people have been living out Leonardo’s dream of flying.”<br />a. paragraph 3<br />b. paragraph 4<br />c. paragraph 5<br />d. paragraph 2<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />7. What was the main problem with Leonardo’s invention?<br />a. motors were not yet invented<br />b. the birds lost their feathers<br />c. he was illegitimate<br />d. he couldn’t draw<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />8. The word they in the third paragraph refers to:<br />a. the feathers<br />b. the birds<br />c. the studies<br />d. the wings<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">9. In what year was the first helicopter flown<br />a. 1483<br />b. 1452<br />c. 1519<br />d. 1936<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />10. What two things did birds have that Leonardo da Vinci noticed helped them to<br />fly?<br />a. wings and beaks<br />b. feathers and talons<br />c. wings and feathers<br />d. cups and feathers<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />11. The word thus in the fourth paragraph could best be replaced by:<br />a. Hence<br />b. After<br />c. Unsuitably<br />d. Inappropriately<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">21</span><br />Glass fibers are extremely strong; for their weight, they are stronger than steel.<br />They are made by forcing molten glass through tiny holes called spinnerets. As many as<br />four hundred spinnerets are placed together, and threads of glass much thinner than<br />human hairs are drawn off at great speed-miles of thread per minute. As they speed<br />along, the threads are coated thinly with a type of glue and twisted into a yarn.<br />The glass fibers are used with plastics to make boats and car bodies. They are also<br />woven into heavy cloth for window draperies and into strong belts for making tires<br />stronger.<br />A special kind of glass fiber is causing a revolution in communications. A signal<br />of light can be made to travel along the fiber for very long distances. By changing the<br />quality of the light, many messages can be sent at once along one strand of glass. New<br />office buildings are being “wired” with glass fibers as they are built. The glass fibers will<br />be used to connect telephones and computers in ways that not long ago were either<br />impossible or too expensive.<br />Glass wool traps air in a thick, light blanket of fibers. This blanket is then put<br />into walls and ceilings to keep warm air in during the winter and cool air in during the<br />summer.<br />To make glass wool, molten glass is fed into a spinning drum with many holes in<br />it. As the glass threads stream out of the holes, they are forced downward by a blast of<br /><br />hot air and through a spray of glues. The threads are then further blown about to mix<br />them up as they fall in a thick mat on a moving belt.<br />The glass we see through and drink out of has many, many other uses besides the ones<br />described here.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">22</span><span style="color:red"><br /></span>12. What was the author’s main purpose in writing the article?<br />a. To inform you how special kinds of glass are made and used<br />b. To persuade you to investigate the many uses of glass beyond those<br />mentioned in the article<br />c. To inform you about the strength of glass fibers<br />d. To inform you that glue is used to hold strands of glass together<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />13. The word special in the second paragraph is closets in meaning to:<br />a. Distinct among others of a kind<br />b. Additional<br />c. Common<br />d. Species<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />14. Glass fibers are made by forcing molten glass through:<br />a. Spinners<br />b. Spiderets<br />c. Spinnerets<br />d. Spinets<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />15. The word changing in the second paragraph could best be replaced by the word:<br />a. Altering<br />b. Boring<br />c. Bringing<br />d. Doing<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />16. What are glass fibers woven into cloth for?<br />a. Draperies<br />b. Cars and boats<br />c. Glasses<br />d. Glue<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />17. The word fed in the fourth paragraph means:<br />a. To give food to<br />b. To minister to<br />c. To support<br />d. To supply<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">23</span><br />18. The word they in the second sentence of the first paragraph refers to:<br />a. Human hair<br />b. Weight<br />c. Glass fibers<br />d. Yarn<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />19. The word it in the fourth paragraph refers to:<br />a. Molten glass<br />b. Glass wool<br />c. Spinning drum<br />d. Holes<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />20. The following sentence would best complete which paragraph? “This<br />improvement in technology is expected to continue.”<br />a. Paragraph 1<br />b. Paragraph 2<br />c. Paragraph 3<br />d. Paragraph 4<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />21. A signal of what can be made to travel along fiber for very long distances?<br />a. Heat<br />b. Wave<br />c. Wool<br />d. Light<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />22. The word spray in the fourth paragraph could best be replaced by the word:<br />a. Shower<br />b. Blow<br />c. Spit<br />d. Force<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />For centuries, people have searched for a way to replace dead and decaying teeth<br />with comfortable false teeth. Many materials have been used to make a set of false teeth.<br />The teeth themselves should be made from a hard and durable material. They should be<br />secured to a soft material, making them easy to wear. In the last two decades, dentists<br />succeeded in making durable false teeth that are comfortable, too.<br />Two thousand years ago, the Etruscans made teeth out of animal bone and gold.<br />These materials were used-with varying degrees of success-up to the 1700’s. When<br /><br />George Washington was president, ivory from animals such as elephants became a<br />popular material for false teeth. Doctors and inventors also tried silver, peal, and agate,<br />but teeth made from these materials were very expensive. Perhaps the most successful<br />material was porcelain, invented by a Frenchman about two hundred years ago. White,<br />strong, and resistant to decay, porcelain is still used today for making single teeth.<br />Besides finding a material for the teeth, inventors also had to find a way to secure<br />them in a person’s mouth. People tried wire, springs, and many kinds of glue to<br />accomplish this. In most cases, however, discomfort and a likelihood of the teeth falling<br />out plagued the person who wore them.<br />Around 1844, an American dentist named Horace Wells used laughing gas to put<br />people to sleep before working on their teeth. This innovation made dental work a lot<br />less painful. Soon after, an inventor created the first form of rubber. This was important<br />to dentistry because teeth could be attached to the rubber, and the rubber could be molded<br />to fit the shape of the mouth. With these two developments, dentist could work without<br />causing pain and could fit teeth more carefully. False teeth have become more available<br />and comfortable since then, and dentists have continued to improve the making and use<br />of false teeth.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">24</span><br />23. What is the main topic of this passage?<br />a. Horace Wells<br />b. False teeth<br />c. Gold and bone<br />d. The Etruscans<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">25</span><br />24. The word they in the first paragraph refers to:<br />a. Teeth<br />b. Materials<br />c. People<br />d. Dentists<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />25. The word varying in the second paragraph cold best be replaced by the word:<br />a. Constant<br />b. Changeless<br />c. Fluctuating<br />d. Stable<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />26. Porcelain was invented after the first use of:<br />a. Rubber for holding for holding teeth in place<br />b. Laughing gas<br />c. Ivory for making teeth<br />d. Electric drills<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">27. When did Horace Wells begin using laughing gas?<br />a. 1700<br />b. Two-thousand years ago<br />c. 1834<br />d. 1844<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />28. The word besides in the third paragraph means:<br />a. In addition to<br />b. Stand next to<br />c. Anyway<br />d. Together<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />29. The word them in the third paragraph refers to:<br />a. Teeth<br />b. Inventors<br />c. People<br />d. Wire<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />30. When was rubber found to be a useful material for false teeth?<br />a. After laughing gas was used to put patients to sleep<br />b. While George Washington was president<br />c. Before a Frenchman invented porcelain<br />d. While the Etruscans were making teeth of bone and gold<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">26</span><br />31. The following sentence would best complete which paragraph? “It is<br />unimaginable what will come next.”<br />a. Paragraph 1<br />b. Paragraph 2<br />c. Paragraph 3<br />d. Paragraph 4<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />32. The word molded in the fourth paragraph means:<br />a. Formed into a shape<br />b. To form an organic growth<br />c. To make an ornament<br />d. The fitting of a shoe<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">33. The word resistant in the second paragraph could best be replaced by the word:<br />a. Prone<br />b. Insusceptible<br />c. Hearty<br />d. Sassy<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />The lens on a camera has only two tasks. First, it must gather in as much light as<br />possible in order to activate the sensitive chemicals on the film. Second, it must organize<br />the light rays so that they form a sharp image on the film. These may sound like simple<br />tasks, but they are not.<br />One of the sharpest lenses is merely a pinhole in a sheet of cardboard, metal,<br />plastic, or a similar material. If the pinhole is tiny enough, the image can be quite sharp,<br />but then very little light is admitted. For most purposes, even the most sensitive film<br />would take too long to record an image.<br />A glass lens is much better because it lets in much more light and focuses it on the<br />film. Yet simple glass lenses are sharpest only in their centers. As more of the lens is<br />used, the image suffers in sharpness.<br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">27</span><br />One reason a simple lens can cause problems is that it is shaped like a section of a<br />sphere. Spherical lenses do not focus perfectly on flat film, so the image is slightly<br />distorted, especially at the edges. Another reason is that the lens can act partly like a<br />prism. This means that some of the colors in the image will not focus properly, and the<br />image will be fuzzy.<br />One solution is to block off all but the sharp-focusing center of the lens. If you<br />block off the edges of the lens, however, less light will get to the film. Early lenses had<br />to compromise between sharpness and light-gathering power.<br />Very sharp lenses that admit as much light as possible can be built by making<br />them with several separate lenses, or elements. A multiple-element lens has from two to<br />nine separate lenses. Some elements are cemented together, and some have a gap<br />between them. Furthermore, the elements are often made of different kinds of glass, each<br />with a different ability to bend light rays. Some of the elements are there just for<br />correcting problems caused by the other elements! The results are worth it, though:<br />pictures can be taken in many different light conditions, and they have a sharpness you<br />can almost feel.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />34. The word it in the first paragraph refers to:<br />a. Camera<br />b. Lens<br />c. Film<br />d. Chemicals<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">28</span><br />35. The word distorted in the fourth paragraph means:<br />a. Out of a proper or natural relation<br />b. Clean and in shape<br />c. Purified, as one<br />d. Proper<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />36. In what ways does an image suffer if too large an area of the spherical lens is<br />used?<br />a. The edges of the image become fuzzy<br />b. Too much light is admitted<br />c. Too little light is admitted<br />d. Colors change<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />37. What is the main disadvantage of a simple lens that is made sharp by using just<br />the center?<br />a. With less light-gathering power, the lens is utterly useless.<br />b. With less light-gathering power, the lens is useful only in bright light.<br />c. With more light-gathering power, the lens is useful only in dim light.<br />d. With more light-gathering power, the lens is utterly useless.<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />38. The word sharpest in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to:<br />a. Having clear form and detail<br />b. Terminating in an edge or a point<br />c. Intellectually penetrating; astute<br />d. Having a thin edge or a fine point suitable for or capable of cutting or<br />piercing<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />39. The word it in the fourth paragraph refers to:<br />a. Glass lens<br />b. Prism<br />c. Simple lens<br />a. Flat film<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />40. The word sensitive in the second paragraph could best be replaced by the word:<br />a. Delicate<br />b. Irritable<br />c. Reactive<br />d. Psychic<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">41. The word ability in the sixth paragraph could best be replaced by the word:<br />a. Ignorance<br />b. Weakness<br />c. Ineptness<br />d. Capacity<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">29</span><br />42. The meaning of the word solution as used in the fifth paragraph is closest in<br />meaning to:<br />a. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids,<br />liquids, gases, or a combination of these<br />b. The answer to or disposition of a problem<br />c. The state of being dissolved<br />d. Release; deliverance; discharge<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />43. What is the minimum number of lenses in multiple-element lens?<br />a. Nine<br />b. Two<br />c. Ninety-two<br />d. Twenty-nine<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />44. The word fuzzy in the fourth paragraph means:<br />a. Clear<br />b. Unclear<br />c. Exact<br />d. Precise<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br />45. The word admitted in the sixth paragraph is closest in meaning to:<br />a. To permit to enter<br />b. To have room for; accommodate<br />c. To grant to be real, valid, or true; acknowledge<br />d. To make acknowledgment<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-75657935293302212132011-11-19T04:09:00.000-08:002011-11-19T04:09:18.260-08:00MISTERI DUNIA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Daftar ini terdiri dari misteri-misteri dunia yang paling terkenal dan tidak terpecahkan hingga kini. Sulit mendapatkan penjelasan yang paling rasional dan kejadian-kejadian aneh ini. Meski demikian para ahli maupun ilmuwan terus berusaha mengungkap apa sebenarnya yang terjadi.Salah satu di antaranya adalah tentang misteri wanita berkerudung yang tampak ketika terjadi pembunuhan Presiden AS, John F Kennedy.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/untitled-11.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-221" height="186" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/untitled-11.jpg?w=300&h=186" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Untitled-1" width="300" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kasus lainnya adalah kain kafan Yesus di Turin yang masih kontroversi serta misteri kapal Mary Celeste di mana kapten dan seluruh penumpangnya hilang tanpa jejak. Misteri kota Atlantis dan Segitiga Bermuda juga masuk dalam daftar ini. Tak ketinggalan kisah Jack the Ripper dan Zodiac Killer. Ohya, penomoran pemuatan artikel tidak ada kaitannya dengan tingkat kepopuleran kasus.<span id="more-220" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. Shroud of Turin, KAIN KAFAN BERWAJAH YESUS</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kain kafan dari Turin adalah sejenis kain linen yang bercapkan wajah seorang pria yang tampaknya meninggal karena penyaliban. Umat Kristiani di dunia mempercayainya sebagai kain kafan Yesus Kristus. Saat ini kain kafan tersebut disimpan di Katedral St John the Baptist di Turin, Italia.<br />
Meskipun banyak penyelidikan ilmiah yang dilakukan untuk mengungkap hal itu, namun hingga detik ini tidak seorang pun mampu menjelaskan bagaimana gambar wajah itu bisa berada pada kain kafan tersebut. Tes radiocarbon menyebut kain kafan tersebut berasal dari abad pertengahan, namun hasil tes radiocarbon itu diragukan.</span></div><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_222" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://s0.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/motion/images/blacktrans.png); background-origin: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 220px;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/kain-kafan-dari-turin.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="Kain Kafan dari Turin" class="size-full wp-image-222" height="300" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/kain-kafan-dari-turin.jpg?w=210&h=300" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kain Kafan dari Turin" width="210" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 17px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kain Kafan dari Turin</span></div></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sebelum abad pertengahan, muncul laporan bahwa kain kafan tersebut adalah gambar Edessa -laporan itu setidaknya sejak abad ke-4. Selain itu ada juga kain lain (sudarium) dikenal bahkan dari zaman Alkitab (Yohanes 20:7), bahwa kain digunakan untuk menutupi kepala Kristus ketika dikubur.<br />
Sebuah studi 1999 oleh Mark Guscin, seorang anggota tim investigasi yang multidisiplin dari Pusat Sindonology Spanyol, meneliti hubungan antara dua kain. Berdasarkan sejarah, forensik patologi, kimia darah (yang sudarium juga dilaporkan jenis noda darah AB), dan pola noda, ia menyimpulkan, dua kain tersebut digunakan menutupi kepala yang sama dalam dua waktu berdekatan.<br />
Avinoam Hector (seorang peneliti dari Universitas Ibrani Yerusalem) sependapat dengan analisis ini, menambahkan bahwa serbuk sari di sudarium cocok dengan kain kafan.<br />
Betapapun semua hasil-hasil penelitian ini belum bisa mengungkap sepenuhnya tentang kain kafan dan wajah di dalamnya.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. Mary Celeste, KAPTEN DAN SELURUH PENUMPANGNYA HILANG MISTERIUS</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Nama kapal ini Mary Celeste diluncurkan di Nova Scotia pada tahun 1860. Nama aslinya adalah “Amazon”. Panjang keseluruhan 103 feet dengan berat 280 tons. Dalam 10 tahun pelayarannya (ketika bernama Amazon), kapal ini mengalami beberapa kali kecelakaan dan beberapa kali berganti pemilik. Sampai akhirnya kapal bekas ini dilelang di New York, laku 3000 dolar AS. Setelah diperbaiki dan diregistrasi di Amerika, kapal ini berganti nama menjadi Mary Celeste.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/mary-celeste-250203-tm.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-223" height="244" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/mary-celeste-250203-tm.jpg?w=300&h=244" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="mary-celeste-250203-tm" width="300" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Capten kapal Mary Caleste adalah Benjamin Briggs, 37 tahun. Pada 7 November 7, 1872, kapal berangkat dari New York, dengan penumpang kapten Briggs, istrinya, anak perempuannya dan delapan awak. Kapal itu membawa bahan mentah alkohol 1.700 barel, menuju Genoa, Italia.<br />
Sejak itu kapal Mary Caleste beserta seluruh awaknya tak pernah kelihatan lagi. Juga tak pernah sampai di tujuan. Apa yang terjadi, tidak ada yang tahu. Sampai suatu ketika ditemukan kapal itu di tengah Selat Gibraltar. Sudah diperiksa, tidak ada tanda-tanda bekas keributan atau apapun yang bisa memperkirakan peristiwa yang terjadi di kapal sebelum hilangnya semua awak secara misterius.Semua dokumen kecuali log kapten, hilang dan berbekas.<br />
Pada awal 1873, dilaporkan bahwa ada dua sekoci mendarat di Spanyol. Yang satu berisi satu mayat dan bendera Amerika, yang satunya lagi berisi lima mayat.Diduga, korban korban itu adalah sisa-sisa awak Mary Celeste. Namun anehnya, tubuh mereka tidak pernah diidentifikasi.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. The Taos Hum, SUARA MISTERIUS</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The ‘Taos Hum’ adalah suara bernada rendah yang dilaporkan terdengar di berbagai tempat di seluruh dunia, terutama di Amerika Serikat, Inggris, dan utara Eropa. Bunyi itu biasanya hanya mendengar di lingkungan yang tenang, dan sering digambarkan sebagai mesin diesel dari kejauhan.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/tao-hum.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-224" height="300" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/tao-hum.jpg?w=200&h=300" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="tao hum" width="200" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Namun dari mana asal sebenarnya suara aneh itu, sampai sekarang misteri itu belum terungkap.<br />
Pada tahun 1997, Kongres meminta para ilmuwan melakukan penelitian untuk menyelidiki suara berfrekuensi rendah yang didengar penduduk kota kecil Taos, New Mexico. Selama bertahun tahun penduduk telah mendengar suara, sering digambarkan oleh mereka sebagai “hum”. Tapi sampai hari ini tak seorang pun tahu penyebab bunyi yang mirip dengungan itu.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">4. Black Dahlia</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pada 1947 tubuh Elizabeth Short, 22 tahun, ditemukan terpotong dua di tempat parkir di Los Angeles. Tragedi pembunuhan itu kemudian diberitakan di surat kabar, Elizabeth Short pun mendapat sebutan “Black Dahlia” .<br />
Menurut laporan surat kabar sesaat setelah pembunuhan, Short menerima nama julukan “Black Dahlia” di sebuah toko obat Long Beach pada musim panas 1946, sebagai plesetan dari film The Blue Dahlia.</span></div><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_225" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://s0.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/motion/images/blacktrans.png); background-origin: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 182px;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/black-dahlia.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="Elisabeth Short " class="size-full wp-image-225" height="250" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/black-dahlia.jpg?w=172&h=250" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Black Dahlia" width="172" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 17px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Elisabeth Short 'Black Dahlia'</span></div></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Namun, jaksa penyelidik Negara bagian Los Angeles menyelidiki julukan yang diciptakan oleh wartawan surat kabar itu. Apalagi Elisabeth Short selama hidupnya tak sekalipun mendapat julukan Black Dahlia. Lalu bagaimana asal usulnya tiba-tiba setelah mati mendapat ‘gelar’ tersebut? Apa alasan wartawan itu memberi julukan Black Dahlia pada Elisabeth.<br />
Banyak rumors seputar kasus Black Dahlia itu, namun sampai kini tak terungkap latar belakang maupun siapa pembunuh Elisabeth.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">5. Comte de Saint Germain</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Count of St Germain (diduga meninggal 27 Februari 1784) adalah seorang punggawa istana, petualang, penemu, ilmuwan amatir, pemain biola, composer amatir, dan seorang pria misterius, ia juga ditampilkan beberapa keterampilan dengan praktek alkimia. Dia adalah seorang pria yang asalnya tidak diketahui dan yang menghilang tanpa meninggalkan jejak.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/comte-de-saint-germain-wikipedia-comte-de-saint-germain.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-226" height="200" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/comte-de-saint-germain-wikipedia-comte-de-saint-germain.jpg?w=176&h=200" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Comte de Saint Germain [ Wikipedia ] Comte de Saint Germain" width="176" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sejak kematiannya, berbagai organisasi okultisme telah mengadopsi dia sebagai sosok model atau bahkan sebagai dewa yang kuat. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir beberapa orang telah diklaim sebagai Count of St Germain. (Catatan: St Germain bukanlah seorang yang dianggap santo oleh Gereja Katolik Roma. Pemberian sebutan “st” hanya sebutan saja bukan gelar kesantoan).</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong>6. Voynich Manuscript</strong><br />
Naskah Voynich adalah dokumen abad pertengahan yang ditulis dalam bahasa yang tidak diketahui. Selama lebih dari seratus tahun, orang telah mencoba memecahkan kode naskah tersebut namun tidak berhasil.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/naskah-voynich.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-227" height="300" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/naskah-voynich.jpg?w=270&h=300" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="naskah Voynich" width="270" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Naskah itu sepertinya menunjukkan layanan farmakope atau sebuah topik kesehatan abad pertengahan atau awal pengobatan modern. Keberadaan naskah itu menimbulkan kebingungan, karena tak satupun berhasil memcahkannya. Semua hanya mengira-ngira, apa itu. Banyak teori tentang asal-usul buku itu, isi dari teks, dan tujuan yang dimaksudkan. Namun tidak ada yang bisa memastikannya. Diperkirakan, dokumen itu berisi berbagai hal di antaranya tentang herbal, astronomi, biologi, kosmologi, farmasi, dan resep.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">7. Jack the Ripper</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pertengahan 1888, London dihebohkan dengan serangkaian pembunuhan di ujung timur (terutama di daerah Whitechapel). Nama Jack The Ripper diambil dari surat yang dikirim ke sebuah surat kabar pada saat itu oleh seseorang yang mengaku sebagai pembunuh. Para korban yang umumnya adalah pelacur dalam kondisi mengenaskan, bukan hanya lehernya terpotong tapi juga tubuhnya di mutilasi.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/jack-the-ripper.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-228" height="300" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/jack-the-ripper.jpg?w=193&h=300" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Jack the Ripper" width="193" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dalam beberapa kasus, mayat itu ditemukan hanya beberapa menit setelah ripper meninggalkan tempat kejadian. Polisi mempunyai banyak tersangka tetapi tidak pernah menemukan bukti yang cukup untuk menghukum siapa pun.<br />
Di masa modern, muncul beberapa spekulasi bahwa Pangeran Albert Victor adalah pembunuhnya. Namun tidak ada yang benar benar yakin siapa pembunuh sebenarnya, semua spekulasi hanya bersifat dugaan-dugaan. Sampai hari ini tak seorang pun tahu siapa Ripper sebenarnya.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
8. Bermuda Triangle, MISTERI HILANGNYA KAPAL DAN PESAWAT SECARA MISTERIUS</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Segitiga Bermuda merupakan perairan di Samudera Atlantik Utara di mana banyak pesawat terbang dan kapal telah hilang secara misterius. Selama bertahun-tahun banyak penjelasan seputar hilangnya pesat juga kapal, ada yang menyebut cuaca buruk, diculik makhluk asing, sampai berbagai teori dalam hokum fisika.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/segitiga-bermuda.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-229" height="257" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/segitiga-bermuda.jpg?w=300&h=257" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Segitiga Bermuda" width="300" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Meskipun dokumentasi substansial ada untuk menunjukkan bahwa banyak laporan telah dibesar-besarkan, masih belum ada penjelasan yang benar-benar masuk akal tentang penghilangan misterius kapal dan pesawat pesawat itu.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">9. The Zodiac Killer</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Si pembunuh Zodiac aktif di Northern California selama sepuluh bulan di akhir 1960-an. Ia membunuh sedikitnya lima orang, dan melukai dua. Dia melakukan dua pembunuhan pertama dengan pistol, di perbatasan Benecia. Dalam penembakan kedua di Vallejo, dia berusaha untuk membunuh dua orang, tetapi satu selamat meskipun tertembak pada kepala dan leher.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/zodiac-killer.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-230" height="300" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/zodiac-killer.jpg?w=246&h=300" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Zodiac Killer" width="246" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Setelah 40 menit polisi menerima telepon anonim dari seorang pria yang mengaku sebagai pembunuh mereka, dia juga mengaku membunuh dua korban sebelumnya. Satu bulan tiga surat yang dikirim ke Surat Kabar di California berisi klaim bahwa si pembunuh akan memberi tahukan namanya.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Beginilah antara lain bunyinya:</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“Aku membunuh ORANG Karena Senang..Membunuh suatu kegiatan yang menyenangkan. Ini seperti permainan game, memberikan pengalaman yang menyenangkan lebih daripada kalau anda bersama seorang gadis. ”</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Arthur Leigh Allen adalah tersangka utama, namun semua bukti yang ada tidak terkait dengan Arthur. Karenanya sampai hari ini pembunuhan Zodiac tidak terpecahkan.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">10. The Babushka Lady, MISTERI WANITA BERKERUDUNG DALAM PEMBUNUHAN JF KENNEDY</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dalam analisis rekaman film pembunuhan John F. Kennedy pada tahun 1963, seorang wanita misterius terlihat. Dia mengenakan mantel cokelat dan kerudung syal (babushkas) di kepalanya.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Wanita tampak memegang sesuatu di depan wajahnya yang diyakini sebagai kamera. Dia tampak pada banyak foto-foto seputar pembunuhan itu. Anehnya, dalam rekam film itu terlihat, wanita ini tidak meninggalkan TKP (tempat kejadian perkara) setelah peristiwa tersebut, padahal orang-orang yang ada di sana langsung bubar begitu terjadi penembakan. Sebaliknya, ia terlihat tetap di tempatnya sambil terus memotret (atau membuat film).</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/babushka-lady.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-231" height="208" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/babushka-lady.jpg?w=300&h=208" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="babushka Lady" width="300" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tak lama setelah itu ia terlihat bergerak menjauh ke Timur sampai Elm Street. FBI mengumumkan ke public agar wanita itu menyerahkan rekaman film (foto) yang dia buat saat kejadian, namun wanita itu tidak pernah muncul.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pada tahun 1970, seorang wanita bernama Beverly Oliver maju dan mengklaim dirinya adalah wanita berkerudung itu. Namun dari cerita yang diucapkannya mengandung banyak ketidak cocokkan. Karenanya ia dianggap sekadar menipu dan mengaku ngaku sebagai wanita berkerudung yang dicari-cari FBI.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sampai hari ini, tak seorang pun tahu siapa wanita berkerudung itu dan apa yang dilakukannya di sana. Yang lebih aneh lagi, ketidak munculannya meski telah diminta, termasuk permintaan akan gambar gambar yang dia buat saat kejadian.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">11. The Bimini Road</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Setiap orang telah mendengar cerita tentang kota yang hilang Atlantis, tapi bagaimana dengan Bimini Road, apakah pernah mendengar juga? Benarkah Bimini Road yang terletak di sebelah Utara Bimini, sebuah pulau di Kepulauan Bahama, adalah bagian dari kota Atlantis yang tenggelam itu. Tidak ada yang bisa memastikan.<br />
Bimini Road yang ditemukan pada 1968. Perkiraan keberadaan Bimini Road pun masih diperdebatkan.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/snorkeling-bimini-bahamas-road-to-atlantis.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-232" height="300" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/snorkeling-bimini-bahamas-road-to-atlantis.jpg?w=225&h=300" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Snorkeling Bimini bahamas Road to atlantis" width="225" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Serangkaian tes radio karbon yang dilakukan antara lain menghasilkan dugaan bahwa Bimini Road ini ada pada 2000 hingga 3000 tahun lalu. Tapi ini pun mendapat sanggahan. Tapi info yang diberikan Edgar Cayce (18 Maret 1877-3 Januari 1945) seorang paranormal terkenal pada masanya, menyebut tentang Bimini Road dalam prediksinya.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/stoneatopstone442.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-233" height="203" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/stoneatopstone442.jpg?w=300&h=203" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="StoneAtopStone442" width="300" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Prediksi itu diungkapkannya pada 1938, ia menyatakan, adanya sebuah candi yang terbenam di laut dekat Bimini. Kalau benar prediksi Cayce ini, berarti Bimini yang ditemukan itu adalah candi (kuil) yang terbenam karena peristiwa alam. Namun ekspedisi terbaru yang dilakukan arkeolog, Dr Greg Little memperkirakan formasi batu itu adalah dinding bagian atas sebuah dermaga.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">13.“Atlantis Lost City” Ditemukan?</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Benarkah kota Atlantis ada, atau hanya cerita dongeng semata? Keberadaan Atlantis ini pertama kali diungkap oleh Plato. Sebagian menganggap Atlamtis cerita legenda yang tak jelas, tapi sebagian lain tetap meyakini ucapan Plato adalah benar. Kota itu memang benar-benar ada. Tak heran kalau para ilmuwan dari berbagai disiplin ilmu, terus memburu ‘kota yang hilang’ itu. Dokumen-dokumen kuno mengungkap tentang Atlantis yang disebutkan mengalami nasib tragis. Kota megah dan sangat maju itu, tenggelam dalam semalam akibat gempa bumi dahsyat.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/atlantis.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-234" height="212" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/atlantis.jpg?w=300&h=212" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="atlantis" width="300" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Seorang peramal asal AS, Edgar Cayce ((18 Maret 1877 – 3 Januari 1945) pernah mengungkap tentang Atlatis dalam prediksinya pada tahun 1923. Menurutnya, kota Atlantis berada di Karibia. Kota itu memiliki peradapan tinggi dengan teknologi yang paling modern di zamannya. Memiliki kapal dan pesawat tempur. Namun kota itu tenggelam karena bencana dahsyat, lenyap membawa serta semua yang ada termasuk peradaban yang luar biasa.</span></div><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_246" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://s0.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/motion/images/blacktrans.png); background-origin: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 210px;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/edgarcayce_1910.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="Edgar Cayce tahun 1923 meramal tentang Atlantis di bawah laut Karibia " class="size-full wp-image-246" height="268" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/edgarcayce_1910.jpg?w=200&h=268" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="edgarCayce_1910" width="200" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 17px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Edgar Cayce tahun 1923 meramal tentang Atlantis di bawah laut Karibia</span></div></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Benarkah prediksi Edgar Cayce ini? Nah, baru baru ini, tepatnya sekitar Desember 2009, Dailymail memberitakan tentang penemuan reruntuhan kota di bawah laut Karibia. Para arkeolog yang menemukan reruntuhan kota itu mengklaim telah menemukan kota Atlantis. Untuk meyakinkan klaim mereka, Kelompok ilmuwan yang belum diketahui asalnya ini, merilis foto-foto yang disebut sebagai reruntuhan kota Atlantis.<br />
Begitupun, penemuan tersebut tidak serta merta dipercaya. Karena sudah begitu banyak klaim seputar penemuan Atlantis.</span></div><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_245" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://s0.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/motion/images/blacktrans.png); background-origin: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 310px;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/found-ancient-city-at-the-bottom-of-the-sea-karibia.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="Kota kuno di bawah laut Karibia" class="size-medium wp-image-245" height="214" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/found-ancient-city-at-the-bottom-of-the-sea-karibia.jpg?w=300&h=214" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="found ancient city at the bottom of the sea karibia" width="300" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 17px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kota kuno di bawah laut Karibia</span></div></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Di antaranya pada tahun 1997, ilmuwan Rusia mengklaim telah menemukan Atlantis 100 mil dari Land’s End. Lalu muncul lagi kabar pada tahun 2000 bahwa kota ‘dongeng’ itu ditemukan di lepas pantai utara Turki, tepatnya di kedalaman 300 ft Laut Hitam. Diceritakan bahwa daerah itu tenggelam karena terjadinya air bah pada 5000 BC.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Apakah banjir besar yang dimaksud ini adalah seperti yang disebutkan dalam Kitab Perjanjian Lama? Pada tahun 2004 seorang arsitek Amerika Serikat yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sonar buatan manusia dinding satu mil jauh di dalam Laut Tengah antara Siprus dan Suriah. Lalu, tahun 2007 peneliti Swedia mengklaim reruntuhan kota kuno itu ada di Dogger Bank, Laut Utara,, yang diperkirakan tenggelam pada Zaman Perunggu.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">14. Monster Loch Ness</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kisah monter Loch Ness adalah legenda yang sangat terkenal sejak dulu hingga kini, sama seperti misteri Bigfoot, Yeti. Loch Ness adalah sebuah danau laut tawar terbesar di Inggris. Selama berabad-abad muncul berbagai laporan seputar penampakan monster penunggu Loch Ness. Legendanya, monster ini sudah ada sejak zaman Santo Columba (565 AD). Tapi sejumlah ilmuwan membantahnya dan menyatakan laporan-laporan yang ada itu, adalah hoax.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/lochnessmonster.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-235" height="215" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/lochnessmonster.jpg?w=232&h=215" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Lochnessmonster" width="232" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Entahlah, mana yang benar. Namun ada sebuah catatan tentang penampakan makhluk besar itu pad 22 Juli 1933. Ketika itu George Spicer bersama istrinya sedang melintas di sekitar danau, naik mobil, mereka melihat pemandangan menakjubkan itu. Si monster menampakan diri di danau. Sebagian tubuhnya menyembul, sehingga pasangan ini bisa melihatnya jelas. Makhluk besar itu digambarkan memiliki tinggi 4 feet dan panjang 25 feet. Lehernya panjang dan kecil, hanya sedikit lebih besar dari belalai gajah. George dan istrinya tidak bisa melukiskan soal kaki monster ini, karena menurut mereka, bagian bawah tubuh monster, terendam di danau.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/7-the-loch-ness-monster-wikipedia.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-236" height="300" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/7-the-loch-ness-monster-wikipedia.jpg?w=298&h=300" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="7. The Loch Ness Monster [ Wikipedia ]" width="298" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kesaksian lainnya adalah tahun 2007 lalu, bahkan monster itu konon sempat dipotret dan divideokan. Sayangnya, baik gambar maupun video itu hasilnya tiak begitu jelas. Penjelasan tentang ini pun minim. Tapi ada dugaan menarik, bahwa kemungkinan monster itu memang ada, ia adalah jenis plesiosaurus—masih family dinosaurus– yang selamat dari sisa populasi dinosaurus.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">15. Bigfoot</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bigfoot, juga dikenal sebagai Sasquatch, digambarkan sebagai kera mirip manusia yang mendiami kawasan hutan di Pasific utara-barat, juga Kanada dan Amerika. Jejak Bigfoot dilaporkan ditemukan di daerah Kanada dan Amerika Utara sejak abad 19-an. Di lihat dari jejak kakinya diperkirakan beratnya mencapai 400 kg.<br />
Bigfoot yang berarti kaki besar adalah makhluk berukuran raksasa sisa peninggalan zaman purba.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/8-bigfoot-wikipedia.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-237" height="186" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/8-bigfoot-wikipedia.jpg?w=300&h=186" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="8. Bigfoot [ Wikipedia ]" width="300" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Diperkirakan, hewan tersebut masih hidup di kawasan pegunungan bersalju, di antaranya di Amerika Serikat dan gunung Himalaya China, Orang percaya makhluk ini dapat ditemukan di seluruh dunia dengan nama-nama yang berbeda, seperti Yeti di Tibet dan Nepal, Yeren di China dan Yowie di Australia.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Selama bertahun-tahun, telah terjadi banyak penampakan dan foto-foto Bigfoot tapi tidak ada bukti konklusif untuk memverifikasi keberadaannya. Sebagian pakar mengatakan itu hanya legenda yang berasal dari cerita rakyat. Namun sebagian lain, percaya bahwa ada kemungkinan Bigfoot memang benar-benar ada.<br />
Diperkirakan makhluk itu hidup pada masa dinasaurus, beberapa di antaranya masih bertahan hidup hingga kini. Konon penampakan Bigfoot itu dilaporkan pertama kali tahun 1924, tapi dikatakan itu bukan yang pertama, karena tahun 1860 telah ada laporan penampakan monster ini.<br />
<strong><br />
16. Marfa lights : Misteri Lampu Hantu</strong></span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Misteri ‘Hantu Lampu’ Marfa menyebar dari mulut ke mulut. Pertama kali berhembus di Mitchell Flat, sebelah timur Marfa, Texas. . Lampu digambarkan sebagai ukuran bola basket, melayang di udara di sekitar setinggi bahu. Warna biasanya digambarkan sebagai putih, kuning, oranye atau merah, tapi hijau dan biru kadang-kadang dilaporkan. Lampu kadang-kadang muncul dalam kelompok. Sightings are rare but there is a large amount of photographic and video evidence. Sightings jarang tetapi ada sejumlah besar bukti foto dan video.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/marfa-lampu.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-238" height="180" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/marfa-lampu.jpg?w=270&h=180" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Marfa lampu" width="270" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Laporan tentang keberadaan ‘hantu lampu’ ini pertama kali tahun 1957, oleh Robert Reed Ellison (lahir tahun 1880). Namun sebagian menganggapnya hanya cerita bualan. Yang skeptic menganggap itu ada kaitannya dengan lalu lintas yang lewat di dekat US Route 67. Sejauh ini tidak ada pengakuan resmi bahwa ada orang yang berhasil mendekati lampu. Kebanyakan laporan hanya melihat lampu dari kejauhan. Dari laporan yang masuk warna lampu beragam, ada yang menyebut putih, kuning, orage, merah, bahkan hijau dan biru. Konon, lampu itu</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">17.Misteri Jimmy Hoffa</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jimmy Hoffa adalah seorang pemimpin buruh Amerika, dia juga seorang narapidana criminal yang mendekam di penjara selama 10 tahun. Ia menjabat sebabagi Presiden dari International Brotherhood of Teamsters pada pertengahan 1950-an hingga pertengahan 1960-an. Ia memiliki pengaruh cukup besar. Pada 30 Juli 1975, Hoffa menghilang dari tempat parkir di Detroit dan tidak pernah terlihat lagi. Padahal dia dijadwalkan akan bertemu dengan dua pemimpin Mafia, Anthony “Tony Jack” Giacalone dari Detroit dan Anthony “Tony Pro” Provenzano dari Union City, New Jersey dan New York City.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/jimmy-hoffa.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-239" height="200" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/jimmy-hoffa.jpg?w=167&h=200" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Jimmy Hoffa" width="167" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Menurut Donald Frankos, seorang pembunuh bayaran, Hoffa ditembak di rumah Giacalone dan tubuhnya dikubur di fondasi stadion Giants. Sementara itu Mafia lain, Bill Bonanno, mengklaim bahwa Hoffa ditembak dan dimasukkan ke dalam bagasi mobil. Tak jelas tentang misteri ini. Tidak diungkapkan bagaimana usaha polisi mengungkap kasus ini.<br />
Mungkin karena pada masa itu ‘tangan-tangan’ Mafia begitu berkuasa dan merambah ke banyak sektor, termasuk di pemerintahan dan hokum. Tak seorang pun pernah tahu kebenaran Hoffa. Sebuah tim pernah menggali bagian dari stadion Giants yang disebut-sebut sebagai makam Hoffa, tapi tak ada apapun di sana.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">18.Misteri Mothman Manusia Bersayap</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mothman adalah nama yang diberikan kepada makhluk aneh yang dilaporkan di Charleston dan Point Pleasant wilayah West Virginia antara bulan November 1966 dan Desember 1967. Namun laporan penampakan terbaru adalah tahun 2007. Kebanyakan pengamat menggambarkan Mothman sebagai pria bersayap berukuran besar dengan mata merah.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/the-mothman-wikipedia.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-240" height="300" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/the-mothman-wikipedia.jpg?w=241&h=300" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="The Mothman [ Wikipedia ]" width="241" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ada laporan penampakan yang menyebut makhluk ini tidak berkepala, matanya ada di dada. Sejumlah hipotesis telah diajukan untuk menjelaskan keberadaan makhluk ini, dari ilmiah hingga fenomena paranormal bahkan teori konspirasi.<br />
Laporan pertama tentang keberadaan makhluk itu disampaikan seorang bocah pada 1926. Pada saat yang sama, tiga orang sedang menggali kuburan di pemakaman di dekatnya, ketika mereka melihat makhluk seperti manusia namun bersayap keluar dari balik pepohonan. Ada banyak laporan penampakan Mothman, namun tidak ada satupun bukti foto.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">19. El Chupacabra</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">El chupacabra (Goat sucker) atau chupacabra secara harfiah artinya penghisap kambing. Makhluk ini dikenal di komunitas peternak di Amerika Latin seperti Meksiko, dan Puerto Rico, di mana penampakannya pertama kali dilaporkan. Mahluk ini dilaporkan menyerang dan menghisap darah ternak, khususnya kambing.<br />
Kasus serupa pernah dilaporkana terjadi di Moca,pada 1987. Ketika itu hewan-hewan peliharaan mati kering kehabisan darah. Maka sebutan kasus itu adalah vampire dari moca. Karena luka yang ditinggalkan mirip gigitan vampire, hanya kecil di leher.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/el-chupacabra-wikipedia.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-241" height="218" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/el-chupacabra-wikipedia.jpg?w=300&h=218" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="El Chupacabra [ Wikipedia ]" width="300" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Deskripsi yang paling umum dari chupacabra adalah memiliki kulit bersisik, dengan duri sepanjang punggungnya. Warna kulitnya, hijau keabu-abuan. Tingginya antara 2-3 meter, ia melompat seperti kangguru. Ia bisa melompat hingga setinggi 6 meter. Laporan tentang wajahnya, bermacam-macam. Ada yang menyebut mirip anjing, ada juga yang mengatakan, mirip macan kumbang. lidah bercabang dengan taring besar. Baunya seperti sulfat. Uniknya, beberapa saksi mengatakan, makhluk ini memiliki sayap.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">20. D. B Cooper</span></strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">DB Cooper (alias “Dan Cooper”) adalah nama samaran diberikan kepada seorang pembajak pesawat terkenal yang, pada 24 November 1971, setelah menerima pembayaran uang tebusan sebesar $ 200.000, melompat dari bagian belakang sebuah Boeing 727 yang terbang di atas Pacific Northwest. suatu tempat di atas Cascades selatan.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/d-b-cooper.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 239, 157); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-242" height="200" src="http://dianaruntu.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/d-b-cooper.jpg?w=170&h=200" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" title="D. B Cooper" width="170" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; text-shadow: rgb(68, 68, 68) 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sejak itu Cooper tidak pernah terlihat lagi, tidak diketahui apakah dia selamat dari lompatan itu. Pada tahun 1980, dilaporkan seorang anak berusia delapan tahun menemukan uang senilai $ 5.800 dalam keadaan basah. Uang pecahan $ 20 itu, terdampar di tepi sungai Columbia. Nomor seri dari uang itu, cocok dengan uang tebusan yang diberikan pada Cooper. Memang sengaja nomor seri dicatat untuk memudahkan melacak Cooper.<br />
Konon, Cooper melompat dari bagian belakang pesawat dengan mengenakan parasut. Tidak diketahui, apakah parasut itu mengembang atau tidak. Namun sejak insiden Cooper ini, untuk pertama kalinya bandara udara memakai detector logam sebagai pengaman..</span></div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-38414746436555370852011-11-14T05:57:00.000-08:002011-11-14T05:57:52.374-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9facf;"><br />
</span><br />
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody>
<tr><td><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="topic_title" style="font-weight: bold;">Variasi Push Up : Memperkuat Tubuh Atas</span></span><div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9facf;"> <img src="http://i2.squidoocdn.com/resize/squidoo_images/250/draft_lens14628361module128230901photo_1287797017emphasizedOAPU.jpg" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9facf;"><table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody>
<tr><td><div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Otot-otot tubuh bagian atas sama pentingnya dengan otot bagian tubuh lainnya. Tetapi terkadang kita lebih sering memfokuskan pada otot-otot bagian bawah, missal dengan latihan aerobik, seperti senam aerobik, sepeda statis yang berfokus pada otot-otot kaki dan perut.<br />
<br />
Pada saat latihan aerobik, badan bagian atas hanya menjadi pelengkap dari gerakan kaki. Otot pektoralis atau otot-otot dada meliputi daerah yang cukup luas. Pada masa remaja, biasanya masih ada latihan pada bagaian tasa tersebut seperti memanjat sebagai bagian dari kegiatan bermain. Tetapi pada saat dewasa tidak ada latihan khusus untuk otot dada, dan biasanya otot inilah merupakan otot terlemah di badan.<br />
<br />
Beban latihan yang cukup keras bagi otot pektoralis diperoleh ketika melakukan latihan push up, pull up, melempar, dan melakukan servis waktu bermain tennis. Dari semua latihan itu, push up mudah dilakukan. Selain murah, serta dapat dilakukan di mana saja dan kapan saja. Seperti berikut ini sebagai variasi dari latihan tersebut.<br />
<br />
<b>Gerakan Latihan</b> </span></div><ol type="1"><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Turunkan badan perlahan-lahan sampai ujung hidung menyentuh lantai. Usahakan agar punggung selalu lurus, tujuannya agar perut tidak melengkung ke bawah. Lakukan gerakan perlahan-lahan dan terkendali, untuk menghindari gerakan yang memantul-mantul. Kemudian, doronglah badan kembali ke posisi awal. Hindari agar kedua siku tidak terkunci pada puncak gerakan ini, sebelum badan diturunkan lagi.</span></li>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
</span>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tidurlah tengkurap di atas lantai. Kedua kaki duluruskan dan berdekatan. Telapak tangan menempel di lantai, dengan ujung-ujung jari menunjuk ke depan. Kedua tangan berada tepat di bawah bahu, sementara kedua kaki bertumpu pada jari-jari. Kepala berada pada posisi netral, sebaris dengan punggung. Doronglah badan ke atas, dengan posisi condong ke depan. Kencangkan otot-otot perut untuk menjaga garis yang lurus dan menstabilkan tulang punggung.</span></li>
</ol><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
<br />
<b>Variasi</b></span><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Untuk mendapatkan variasi gerak yang lebih ringan, push up ini dapat dilakukan dengan bertumpu pada kedua lutut. Tungkai bawah kedua-duanya tetap berada di lantai.</span></li>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
</span>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Variasi lain, adalah mengubah dari telapak tangan ke kepalan tangan atau ujung-ujung jari, untuk mengurangi beban pergelangan tangan dan mengubah intensitas latihan.</span></li>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
</span>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">mengubah posisi tangan dapat mengubah beban latihan pada otot yang aktif dilatih, bila kedua tangan berada di bawah siku, akan memberikan beban lebih pada otot dada. Bila jarak kedua tangan lebih sempit, kedua tangan terpisah selebar bahu, dan kedua siku berdekatan badan, latihan terutama untuk otot lengan atas bagian belakang. Bila kedua tangan lebih maju, kedua tangan berada di di depan bahu, maka beban latihan terutama untuk otot dada bagian atas. Bila kedu atangan ditempatkan terpisah, satu tangan lebih maju daripada tangan yang lain, dapat menambah variasi gerak.</span></li>
</ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
<br />
<b>Pernapasan</b><br />
Jangan menahan napas waktu melakukan push up, karena akan mengganggu ritme jantung. Dianjurkan agar Anda mengeluarkan napas pada waktu mengangkat badan ke atas. Lalu, tariklah napas pada waktu menurunkan badan.<br />
<br />
<b>Ulangan</b><br />
Lakukan latihan push up dengan delapan kali ulangan untuk setiap set. Anda dapat melakukannya dengan kombinasi gerak yang berbeda-beda pada setiap setnya.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table></span></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-88302461287358884822011-11-14T05:55:00.000-08:002011-11-14T05:55:59.772-08:00tehnik Membentuk otot perut<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black; line-height: 13px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><img alt="Sit-Ups" src="http://www.akubugar.com/images/akubugar/09005Situp.jpg" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kalau kita berbicara tentang latihan untuk perut, pasti yang terlintas pertama kali adalah satu latihan yang paling terkenal sejak nenek moyang, sit up. Latihan ini banyak dilakukan untuk mengecilkan perut (yang ini salah persepsi) ataupun membentuk six pack. Padahal </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">banyak latihan lain yang juga ditujukan untuk membentuk perut anda.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jika kita melakukan sit up setalah banyak repetisi mungkin anda bisa merasakan sakit pada punggung anda atau leher. Ini adalah beberapa hal yang sering terjadi pada orang-orang yang berlatih sit up. Melakukan sit up sebenarnya ada teknik yang benar agar tidak sampai sakit leher, tetapi sakit punggung bagian bawah, ini yang masih tetap sering dirasakan.<br />
Karena itu, melakukan latihan lain yang lebih aman sangatlah dianjurkan.<br />
Beberapa jenis latihan yang bisa digunakan adalah:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Captain chair: latihan ini menggunakan alat dimana siku dan tangan kita sebagai penompang tubuh dan kemudian mengangkat kaki hingga 90 derajat. Jika anda sudah terbiasa, bisa menggunakan dumbbell yang dijepitkan dikaki untuk menambahkan beban.<br />
Planks: latihan ini sederhana sekali. Anda cukup membuat posisi seperti push up, tetapi saat tangan lurus tegak. Kemudian anda tahan selama mungkin tubuh anda tetap lurus, saat itu otot perut dan punggung anda akan bekerja keras untuk menahannya tetap lurus.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Reverse crunch: latihan ini seperti crunch/sit up biasa, tetapi bedanya bukan badan yang diangkat, melainkan kaki yang bergerak dari tertekuk menjadi lurus. Otot perut bagian bawah anda akan terlatih dari ini.<br />
Barbell abs rollout: gunakan alat rollout khusus untuk ini yang berupa roda tunggal dengan pegangan di dua sisinya. Tetapi jika tidak ada bisa menggunakan barbell yang bagian platnya bebas berputar. Bertumpu pada lutut dan kedua lengan berpegang pada rollout. Dorong rollout ke depan hingga punggung sejajar dengan lantai (bukan menempel) lalu tarik kembali.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Butt ups: latihan ini seperti Planks, tapi tidak statis, setelah posisi Planks lalu tarik panggul ke atas. Kemudian kembali ke posisi semula dan ulangi lagi.<br />
Setiap jenis latihan ini akan membantu otot perut anda untuk terbentuk dengan luar biasa. Selamat mencoba ok ! FIRE</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-90999550139185796602011-11-14T05:52:00.001-08:002011-11-14T05:52:56.692-08:00PUsh up yang benar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #666666;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaBmNKZ_r8zBDXfhAVyQMVAuZZbh6AV9lTXOaKzXm1It_m4sB6U01sS1AWBu8JWp24YvFrP2c0fq0W2H4XUTqYnxSZZEF1GiYnfoXL0JbdBWuIpotiADKc9dwET5JJTf4L2G-uFxkTXKVU/s640/push-up.jpg" /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Otot perut :<br />
1. rectus abdominis<br />
2. extemal obliques<br />
3. interna/ obliques<br />
4. transverse abdominis</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Otot dada :<br />
1. petroralis major<br />
2. anterior deltoid<br />
3. tricepss</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dada :<br />
Otot dada yang utama adalah pectoralis major, yaitu otot yang melebar di depan dada dan berbentuk seperti kipas. Ujung salah satu pectoralis major menempel pada bagian tengah tulang selangka. Bekerja sama dengan antenor deltoid (bagian depan otot bahu) berfungsi menggerakkan tangan ke depan, atas, dan memutar ke dalam. Sedangkan ujung yang lain menempel pada tulang dada (sternum) dan enam tulang rusuk bagian atas, Bagian ini hanya bisa dirangsang ketika terjadi gerakkan tangan ke bawah dan ke depan. Serratus antenor yang terdapat di sisi tulang rusuk. dan pectoralis minor (otot kecil di bawah pectoralis major), keduanya berfungsi menstabilkan tulang bahu ketika Anda menggerakkan tangan ke depan. Sebagai tambahan. triceps ikut berperan saat gerakan mendorong dada.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Perut :<br />
Perut terdiri dari empat kelompok otot. yaitu rectus abdominis. external obliques. internal obliques, dan transverse abdominis. Secara umum, otot-otot perut bekerja sebagai penggerak utama dan penstabil tulang belakang. Rectus abdominis membentang ke atas dan tulang pubis ke tulang dada. External melintang diagonal, dengan arah menurun dan rusuk ke bagian tengah tulang panggul. Internal obliques membentang diagonal ke atas dan panggul ke rusuk. Kedua kelompok obliques bekerja sama dengan rectus abdominis untuk meregangkan dan memutar torso ke samping. Transverse abdominis melintang horizontal dan belakang ke depan, berkontraksi ketika yang lain sedang bekerja, namun tidak dapat bekerja sendiri.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gerakan yang benar<br />
- Tubuh menelungkup di atas lantai. Kedua telapak tangan siap menahan badan, jari-jaritangan mengarah ke depan. Buka bahu, kontraksikan perut. Kaki lurus, ujung jari-jari kaki menyentuh lantai.<br />
- Angkat tubuh ke atas, posisi tubuh kaku dan rata seperti papan. Gunakan otot dada dan tangan untuk mengangkat tubuh bagian atas. Pusatkan kekuatan pada perut untuk mengangkat bagian perut dan kaki.<br />
- Jaga kepala tetap lurus dengan batang tubuh (torso) saat Anda mengangkat tubuh.<br />
- Perlahan-lahan turunkan tubuh. Tangan lurus menahan tubuh. Lemaskan punggung, jangan sampai bahu cedera. Turunkan tubuh sampai jarak antara dada dan lantai kira-kira 5 cm. Lalu angkat tubuh kembali.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Otot yang bekerja<br />
<span>Petroralis major, anteriordeltoid, triceps</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Manfaat<br />
Gerakan ini banyak manfaatnya. Selain memperkuat dan mengencangkan otot-otot di daerah dada, push up juga berguna bagi banu bagian depan, lengan belakang, perut, kaki, pinggul, dan punggung. Bahkan membuat postur tubuh lebih baik.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Petunjuk- Tatapan mata lurus ke bawah, kepala diangkat jangan dilemaskan. Jaga jarak dagu kira-kira satu kepalan tangan dan dada. Sementara punggung tetap dalam keadaan rata.<br />
- Ketika Anda mengangkat tubuh, hembuskan nafas keluar dan jaga posisi siku rata dengan bahu tetapi tidak terlalu kaku.<br />
- Cobalah satu set terdiri dan 10 repetisi push up. Lakukan dengan benar. Jangan paksakan diri. Bila mampu, lakukan gerakan push up dengan lutut kaki ditekuk menyentuh lantai dan pergelangan kaki di atas.<br />
- Daripada push up 10 kali berturut-turut tapi salah, lebih baik coba gerakan ini satu kali dengan posisi yang baik. Tingkatkan jadi dua kali berturut-turut dan seterusnya. Setelah cukup berlatih Anda akan mampu melakukannya 10 kali berturut-turut tanpa Anda sadari.<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
Kesalahan yang harus dihindari</span>- Jangan biarkan perut ’menggantung’ atau punggung melengkung. Ini membebani tulang punggung bagian bawah dan bahu.<br />
- Jangan mengangkat kepala sehingga membebani leher.<br />
- Jangan turunkan badan terlalu jauh hingga bahu lebih rendah dan siku. Ini akan mencederai bahu dan sendi siku. Anda juga akan mengalami kesulitan saat mengangkat tubuh.</span><br />
</div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-27697635634478691192011-11-14T05:37:00.000-08:002011-11-14T05:58:44.346-08:00Muay Thai tehnik yo kita belajar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<div align="left" class="style1" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In Muay Thai fist techniques, the fists must be properly clenched to lessen the chance of spraining the wrists or cause inflammation of the hand muscles. Several Thai boxing champions who have turned to the international boxing and gone so far as to become the world champion are always plagued with the recurring injury, that is, the sprained wrists, inflamed hand or muscles. This is due to the improper manner of clenching the fists.</span></div><h2 align="left" class="style1" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small; line-height: 18px;">How to Clench a Fists</span></h2><div align="left" class="style1" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px;">The trainee should stand with his arms by his side, this is <strong>Phase 1.</strong> Now bend the lower arm perpendicular to the upper arm with the elbow secured tightly to the body, this is <strong>Phase 2.</strong>The lower arms point directly in front with the palms upward and his fingers straight. For<strong>Phase 3</strong>, make the hands into fist by rolling the fingers with the thumbs resting on the index and middle fingers. The fist should be form and tight.</span></div><div align="center" class="style1" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px;"><img alt="Muay Thai Fists Techniques 1" height="55" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-fists-1.jpg" width="400" /></span></div><div align="left" class="style1" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px;"><strong>Phase 4</strong>, the trainee should now release his elbows and lift the fists up to cover the solar plexus. One fist should be lower than the other by about 6 inches and both about 6 inches away from the chest. Twirl the fists forward and then back in a circular motion, about 6 times each (picture 1). <b>Phase 5</b>, the trainee should now move his fist in a movement from parallel to the floor to a 45 degree angle. (picture 2)</span></div><table border="0" style="width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="line-height: 16px; text-align: center;"><div align="center"><span class="style1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="Muay Thai Fist Techniques 2" height="120" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-fists-2.jpg" width="162" /></span></div></td><td style="line-height: 16px; text-align: center;"><span class="style1" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="Muay Thai Fist Techniques 3" height="120" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-fists-3.jpg" width="197" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="line-height: 16px; text-align: center;"><h4 style="border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Picture 1</span></h4></td><td style="line-height: 16px; text-align: center;"><h4 style="border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Picture 2</span></h4><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;">Muay Thai Punches is a basic of Muay Thai techniques. A long time ago, men did not have any weapons to fight wild animals and fellow humans. They had the instinct for survival and start to use their own organs as a defensive weapons to protect themselves. That is the beginning of punches.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">Punch is the most weapon that easy to control if compare to other weapons which using other part of the body.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>What part of Muay Thai punches to hit the target?</strong></h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The proper Muay Thai Punch techniques, the fighter should use the knuckles to hit the target. Muay Thai does not specify a part that makes the contact but it is acknowledged that punching with knuckles is the most effective way.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Where is the target?</strong></h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">Generally, what targets on the opponent’s body that should be aims depends on the circumstances. Usually, the Muay Thai fighter should aims the area from the body upward towards the face. The potential targets for the fists are shown in the picture.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>The Efficient Muay Thai Punch</strong></h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Muay Thai Punches Techniques" class="thumbnail_left" height="345" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-punches-techniques.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" width="271" />Whatever part of the opponent’s body becomes the receiving end of your punches, you should pull the fist back immediately. In no circumstances, should you ever leave your fist on the target, as you would expose yourself to counter-punching. Remember that while you are throwing your punch, such action should serve to unnerve the opponent.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">A good punch is a result of harmony and perfect synchronization, namely, the twist of the heels to add momentum to the hips movement, the move of the hips to strengthen the shoulder movement, and the turn of the shoulder to add to the power of the punch. Everything must be in synchronization to make the punch effective. The powerful punch will come if you combine forces of shoulder, hip and foot to put additional power of punch.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Twisting the Wrists Techniques</strong></h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">Twisting the wrists just before the contact is the most useful technique for an effective punching. If you do not have enough technique to throw a punch, your punch will often end up against the opponent’s arm guarding. By twisting and pushing its way through the protecting guard, The power and the accuracy of the punch will increase significantly.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">Five Categories of Muay Thai Punches</h2><ol><li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">The Jab</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">The Straight Punch</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">The Swing</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">The Uppercut</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">The Hook</li>
</ol><h2 align="left" class="style1" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>The Jab</strong></h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The jab is used to irritate the opponent or to find the range. Accurate and skilful jabbing will cause a lot of anxiety for the opponent. To throw this kind of punch accurately, one has to practice on the punching bag. The jab could be used in the attack, defence, or retreat.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The Straight Punch</h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Muay Thai Straight Punches" class="thumbnail_left" height="121" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-punches-straight.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" width="97" />In Muay Thai, we use straight punch mainly to attack oponent's facial area such as chin, nose and mouth. To increase the effectiveness of the punch, use the knuckle to attack the opponent as well as twisting the shoulders.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This kind of punch always use after the jab. Normally, the jab is punch thrown to find the range, so it would be followed by the straight punch which is widely known as the one-two punch.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The Swing</h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">Generally, the swing is thrown at a futher distance than the one covered by the hook. The favourite targets of the swing are around the jaw line or as low as the ribs. This punch could be thrown when there is a gap on the opponent's body or face. When the punch hits the target, make sure that the knuckles bear the brunt of the impact.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The Uppercut</h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Muay Thai Punches Uppercut" class="thumbnail_right" height="134" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-punches-uppercut.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" width="86" />The uppercut punches mainly target to attack chin and stomach. When do the uppercut you should bend the knee and the elbow a bit, then make a ounch vertically to attack opponent. Uppercut will be used effectively when opponent is very close or when they are stooping, but sometimes, it is also possible to attack by knee kick instead of uppercut.<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The Hook</h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Muay Thai Punches Hook" class="thumbnail_left" height="126" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-punches-hook.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" width="107" />Hook mainly used to attack side facial area such temple nose and ear. To do the hook you need to bending elbow a bit, then using the back of the nuckle to attack. To increase the effectiveness of the hook, use the same technique as do the straight punch by twisting the shoulders.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><br />
</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><br />
</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><br />
</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><br />
</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><div align="left" class="style1" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Muay Thai elbow techniques are very important techniques since the elbow is one of the bare hands ultimate weapons. Elbow sharpness is equated to that of a razor blade. The elbow is a dangerous weapon that can produce horrifying cuts. That is why the elbow is a valuable tool for the fighting with bare hands. No other weapon can compare with the elbow in terms of brutality and blood-breeding capacity. It seems that the elbow strike is very unique weapon that make Muay Thai different from other martial arts sports. Elbow strike in Muay Thai can give very severe injuries to the opponent as it will be used to attack when opponent is closer distance and the major tarket of elbow strike are generally head facial area including jaw, temple, neck and so on. Using elbow strike is very flexible, you can move or swing elbow in any direction to attack, both vertically and horizontally but different method will give different impact to the attack. Variety of Muay Thai elbow strike are described below</div><h2 align="left" class="style1" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Muay Thai Elbow Techniques Mechanism</strong></h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">First, the Muay Thai boxers should practices Muay Thai elbow techniques with the punch bags as much as possible to increase the sharpness and hardiness of the elbow. The contact part is the pointed tip of the elbow which is the sharpest part.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">To increase the sharpness, Muay Thai boxers must swing the elbow in the narrowest angle. The best move that can create the wounds is when the elbow tips just scratches by the opponent. When the blood is drawn, the boxers should attack the same place to widen and deepen the wound.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>The Efficient Muay Thai Elbows</strong> Techniques</h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Muay Thai Elbow Techniques" class="thumbnail_right" height="370" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-elbows-1.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" width="271" />For the good elbow techniques, the posture is very important. The legs must stand fairly firm. The front leg moves to the target and presses the tip of the foot against floor for a firm hold. The back foot’s tip should press against the floor also. At the moment of elbow striking, twist the heel, waist and hip in synchronize with the strike to increase the power. Do not hit the opponent too directly.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">For instance, if you want to widen the wound around the opponent’s eyebrow, you must strike the elbow point just lightly scratch the target. The movement has to be sharp and violent. On the other hand, if you want to use elbow against the opponent’s chin, you must hit the elbow with full force to knock out the opponent.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The narrower of the angle and the faster of the elbow strike, the sharper and the better in precision, reliability, and confidence of the attack.</div><h2 align="left" class="style1" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">Eight types of Muay Thai Elbow Techniques</h2><ol><li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Sok Ti (Elbow Strikes)</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Sok Tad (Perpendicular Elbow)</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Sok Hud (Levering Elbow)</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Sok Chieng (Diagonal Elbow)</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Sok Sab (Chopping Elbow)</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Sok Tong (Smash Downward Elbow)</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Sok Ku (Double Elbows)</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Sok Klab (Reverse Elbow)</li>
</ol><div><br />
</div><div><br />
</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><div align="left" class="style1" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Muay Thai knee techniques is an important technique in Muay Thai. Knee (Kao) is one of the lethal weapons in Muay Thai. The violence of the knee is equal to that of the elbow if the boxer used it properly with a good technique and timing.</div><div align="left" class="style1" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The knee kick can be done by raising the knee to attack which may a bit harder for beginners because this requires proper balance maintain when attack. The main characteristic of using knee-kick is you gnerally have to be at close-quarter with opponent, but sometimes we can use knee kick to attack opponent while you are in long range such as flying knee kick. In most case, to use knee kick, you have to try to grab the opponent's neck, in order to "lock" and attack. However, when you do the clinch and knee kick, you may be attacked by opponent's elbow strike, as some time you may lose your concentration and defense.<br />
</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>How to use the knee?</strong></h2><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Muay Thai Knees Techniques" class="thumbnail_right" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/muay-thai-knee-techniques-1.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" width="200" />The good way to use Muay Thai knee techniques properly is by thrusting it straight upwards. The targets for the knees are the area around the body upwards towards the chin. The knee attack has to be straight, powerful, and sharp. The knee also should easily turn into a kick for pushing the opponent away in order to prevent the counter attack and double up the pain to the opponent.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">To increase the agility of Muay Thai knees, the boxer should practice knee throwing frequently against the punching bag. The boxer should mislead the opponent by the weapon and angle of attack before using the weapons.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">The proper Muay Thai knee techniques thrust must move straight, not wavering towards other directions. The tip of the foot must point up to be ready to use a kick. The boxer can use the knee in the following circumstances.</div><h2 align="left" class="style1" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">Muay Thai Knees Techniques 7 Categories</h2><ol><li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Kao Tone (Straight knee) - Thrusting the knee straight upward</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Kao Dode (Jumping knee) - Thrusting the knee towards the target when the boxer springs up</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Kao Nui (Small knee) – Kao Noi is used to counter when the opponent lift his leg for a knee throw</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Kao Kratai (Rabbit knee) – Using when the boxers are in the corner or the middle of the ring to drain strength and stamina from the opponent.</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Kao La (Farewell knee) – Using after the clinch to disengage yourself from the clinch by thrusting a knee parallel to the floor</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Kao Lod (Lower knee) – Using when your Kao Tone misses the target by lower the thrust to prevent the opponent from attacking</li>
<li style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Kao Loi (Flying knee) – This is the most powerful knee technique if the boxer uses it well. The opponent can be finished easily by this move.</li>
</ol><div><br />
</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Mae Mai Muay Thai 1. Salab Fan Pla</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Salab Fan Pla" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Salab_Fan_Pla_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Salab Fan Pla" border="0" class="thumbnail_left" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Salab_Fan_Pla.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" />This master trick is the main movement or the basic trick used for defensive or to escape from the opponent’s straight punch by stepping out the armed-circle lets the punch passed by the face.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the straight left fist to the defensive’s face and steps the left foot forwards at the same time.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style2">The defensive</span> escapes by stepped the right foot obliquely right side 1 step and always the body to the right side about 60 degrees the weight on the right foot, the right leg bent a little, in order to away the head and the body out and escapes from the attacker’s punch. Then pounces on the upper part of the arm with the right hand and catches the attack’s wrist with the left hand then turns front wrist up (This action is similar to break the hand)</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Paksa Waeg Rang" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Paksa Waeg Rang"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 2. Paksa Waeg Rang</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Paksa Waeg Rang" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Paksa_Waeg_Rang_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Paksa Waeg Rang" border="0" class="thumbnail_right" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Paksa_Waeg_Rang.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" /><strong>Defenses in-circle</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master trick is the teacher’s trick (or the basic trick) to move in and used another tricks.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the straight left punch to the defensive’s face then steps the left foot forwards.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style2">The defender</span> stepped hurry forwards oblique to a half of the left side in the opponent’s left arm and swaying the body about 60 degrees the weight on the left foot then bent the both arms to counter the upper part and the lower part of the attacker’s arm, the both fists close to each other (similar to put the palms of the hands together in salute), the elbows open about 1 span (25 centimeters), the head and the face are covered by the both arms then glanced towards the opponent’s right punch.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Chawa Sad Hok" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Chawa Sad Hok"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 3. Chawa Sad Hok</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Chawa Sad Hok Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Chawa_Sad_Hok_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Chawa Sad Hok" border="0" class="thumbnail_left" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Chawa_Sad_Hok.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" /><strong>Elbow out-circle</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master trick is the main basic to escape from the straight punch by Stepped out and counter by throwing the elbow.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the straight left punch to the defensive’s face and steps the left foot forwards.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style2">The defensive</span> steps hurriedly, then always the body about 30 degrees to a half of the right, the weight on the right foot, bent the left arm then striked the elbow to the attacker’s rib.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Inao Thang Grit" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Inao Thang Grit"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 4. Inao Thang Grit</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Inao Thang Grit Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Inao_Thang_Grit_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Inao Thang Grit" border="0" class="thumbnail_right" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Inao_Thang_Grit.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" />This muster skill-is the main basic technique deface the straighten punch And uses the elbow closes to the body in-circle.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style3">The attacker</strong> throws the straight left punch to the defensive’s face then stepped forwards.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style2">The defensive</strong> steps quickly with the left foot forwards then the body always about 60 degrees to the nearly left side the weight on the left foot, penet the right elbow parallel to the floor and threw it to the attacker’s rib.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Yo Khao Prasumaru" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Yo Khao Prasumaru"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 5. Yo Khao Prasumaru</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Yo Khao Prasumaru Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Yo_Khao_Prasumaru_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Yo Khao Prasumaru" border="0" class="thumbnail_left" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Yo_Khao_Prasumaru.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" /><strong>Throws the down punch to the chin, bent the body 45 degrees</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This Mae Mai Muay Thai used for defense the straight punch by bending the body down at close quarters lets the punch passed over the head then threw up the punch to the chin.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style3">The attacker</strong> throws the straight right punch to the defensive’s face and steps with the right foot forwards at the same time.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style2">The defensive</strong> steps quickly with the left foot and slightly lowers the left knee while the right stays straight, and bends the body down forwards about 45 degrees weight on the left foot, at the same time throws up the right punch under the attacker’s chin. Turns the head back to look at the attacker’s chin while skill holds the left arm guard up on the front of the chin.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Ta Then Kham Fak" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Ta Then Kham Fak"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 6. Ta Then Kham Fak</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Ta Then Kham Fak Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Ta_Then_Kham_Fak_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Ta Then Kham Fak" border="0" class="thumbnail_right" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Ta_Then_Kham_Fak.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" /><strong>Throws the high punch to the chin, bend the body 60 degrees</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master skill is the main basic used for defense the punch to the chin technique and push the attackers first away with your arm.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the straight left punch to the defensive’s face. Steps the left foot forwards at the same time.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style2">The defensive</strong> steps the left foot of forwards to the half right to the attacker closed quarters, bending the right arm to push the left punches out. Bends the left knees a little and throws up a left punch to the attacker’s chin.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Mon Yan Lak" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Mon Yan Lak"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 7. Mon Yan Lak</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Mon Yan Lak Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Mon_Yan_Lak_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Mon Yan Lak" border="0" class="thumbnail_left" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Mon_Yan_Lak.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" /><strong>Defense the punch by throwing the kick</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">It is the important master skill. This Mae Mai used to defense the fists by throwing a kick to the top of the chest or abdomen.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the straight left punch and steps the left foot forwards.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style2">The defensive</span> always out wards to the right about 45 degrees, the weight on the right foot. Bends the both arms to guard the face, at the same time throws the left foot to the top of the chest of the abdomen of the attacker to push him away.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Pak Look Thoy" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Pak Look Thoy"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 8. Pak Look Thoy</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Pak Look Thoy Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Pak_Look_Thoy_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Pak Look Thoy" border="0" class="thumbnail_right" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Pak_Look_Thoy.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" /><strong>Defense the kick with the elbow</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master skill use for defense against the kick by throwing the elbow to the shin.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style3">The attacker</strong> stands in kicking distance and throws the right kick to the defensive’s rib the defensive Bends the body a little and bends the both arm to guard the face.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style2">The defensive</strong> then always the body to the left then steps the left foot to the back. Bends the right arm and holds up to strike the attacker’s kick. While still guarding the face with the left arm.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Jarakhe Fad Hang" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Jarakhe Fad Hang"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 10. Jarakhe Fad Hang</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Jarakhe Fad Hang Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Jarakhe_Fad_Hang_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Jarakhe Fad Hang" border="0" class="thumbnail_left" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Jarakhe_Fad_Hang.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" /><strong>Defense the punch by kick</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master skill used when the opponent throws the punch to the wrong target and loses his balance, then turns the body to kick by swinging the heel back.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the straight left and steps the left foot forwards.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style2">The defensive</span> is quick to jumping with right foot to half right in order to escaped the attacker’s punch. Bends the arm to guard the face. Stands on the left foot and turns the body to kick at the abdomen or head with the right heel.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Hak Nguang Aiyara" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Hak Nguang Aiyara"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 11. Hak Nguang Aiyara</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Hak Nguang Aiyara Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Hak_Nguang_Aiyara_Name.jpg" /><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Hak Nguang Aiyara" border="0" class="thumbnail_right" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Hak_Nguang_Aiyara.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Throws the elbow to the thigh</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master trick used for counter the kick by throwing the elbow to the thigh.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style3">The attacker</strong> throws the right kick to the defensive’s rib, bends the both arms to guard the face.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style2">The defensive</strong> is hurry to stepped the right foot forwards closed to the attacker. Turns the rib to the left, bends the right knee, while the left was straight, then catches the attacker’s right foot with left hand and pulls it up, strikes the right elbow to the attacker’s ham and holds the attacker’s right foot on the high to lost the balance in order to defense the attacker’s elbow.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Naka Bid Hang" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Naka Bid Hang"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 12. Naka Bid Hang</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Naka Bid Hang Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Naka_Bid_Hang_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Naka Bid Hang" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Naka_Bid_Hang.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Twists the leg and strikes the knee to the calf</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master trick use to defense the kick by catching the tip of the foot With the both hands and twist it, then throws the knee to the leg.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the right foot to the defensive’s rib, bends the arm to guard the face.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style2">The defensive</span> is hurry away to the left, the weight on the left foot, grasps the attacker heel with the left hand and grasps the tip of the foot twisted outwards then throws the right knee to the attacker’s calf at the same time.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Viroon Hok Glab" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Viroon Hok Glab"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 13. Viroon Hok Glab</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Viroon Hok Glab Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Viroon_Hok_Glab_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Viroon Hok Glab" border="0" class="thumbnail_left" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Viroon_Hok_Glab.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" /><strong>To counter the kick by throwing a kick</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master trick use to counter the kick by throwing the heel to the ham.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style3">The attacker</strong> raises the left foot kick to the defensive’s rib.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style2">The defensive</strong> is quick to throw the left foot to the left ham of the attacker, While holding on the both arms to guard the face. The kicking must do in rapidly and strongly to stroked the attacker turned back and lost his balance.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Dab Chawala" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Dab Chawala"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 9. Dab Chawala</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Dab Chawala Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Dab_Chawala_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Dab Chawala" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Dab_Chawala.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Grapes the punch and throws the fist</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master technique used for defense the straight punch by throwing the fist to the face.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style3">The attacker</strong> throws the left punch to the defensive’s face, steps the left foot forwards and guards the chin with the right arm.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style2">The defensive</strong> steps the right foot forwards to a half right escape from the attacker’s left punch, turns the body to right side. Grabs and pressed down the attacker’ left arm and throws the left punch to the face then jumps to a half right side.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Khuanyak Jab Ling" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Khuanyak Jab Ling"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 14. Khuanyak Jab Ling</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Khuanyak Jab Ling Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Khuanyak_Jab_Ling_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Defense - fists - kick - elbow</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">This master trick is the very important trick use for defense the opponent who is the quickly fighter by throwing the punch kick and elbow continually. To training is deviled into 3 parts.</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Part one</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Khuanyak Jab Ling 1" border="0" class="thumbnail_right" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Khuanyak_Jab_Ling_1.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: right; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px;" /><strong class="style3">The attacker</strong> throws the straight left punch to the defensive’s face and steps the left foot forwards.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong class="style2">The defensive</strong> steps the left foot hurriedly forwards close to the attacker’ face. Wipes the attacker’ left hand out by the right arm.</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Part two</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Khuanyak Jab Ling 2" border="0" class="thumbnail_left" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Khuanyak_Jab_Ling_2.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 10px;" /><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the right foot to the defensive’s rib.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style2">The defensive</span> hurry to away the body to the back estimates half of the left by stepping the left foot. Then ducking to throw the right elbow to the right thigh of the attacker</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Part three</strong></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Khuanyak Jab Ling 3" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Khuanyak_Jab_Ling_3.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> beuds the right arms and throws the elbow to the defensive’s head.</div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style2">The defensive</span> quickly bends the arm into his guard to wipe the attacker’s elbow and hurries to away the body and step back wards to the back about a half step.</div><h2 align="left" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong><a href="" id="Mae Mai Muay Thai Hak Kor Erawan" name="Mae Mai Muay Thai Hak Kor Erawan"></a>Mae Mai Muay Thai 15. Hak Kor Erawan</strong></h2><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Hak Kor Erawan Name" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Hak_Kor_Erawan_Name.jpg" /></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><img alt="Mae Mai Muay Thai Hak Kor Erawan" border="0" src="http://www.muaythai-fighting.com/images/Mae_Mai_Muay_Thai_Hak_Kor_Erawan.jpg" /></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><strong>Pulls the neck downs and throws the knee</strong></div><div align="left" style="line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="style3">The attacker</span> throws the straight left punch and steps the left foot forwards towards the attacker and inserts the right arm to grab the attacker’ left arm, then jumping to jerk the attacker’ neck down and throw the knee to the face.</div></span></span><br />
<div></div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-48158607174820647952011-11-13T06:32:00.001-08:002011-11-13T06:32:48.218-08:00ADK<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgohd3ILpKhf4FVH3abNjQiGFYG6UtvcAr_54MWnQo1pfFrYtQuYKBZdYCG3W5FHFbidItJXKq9FIuYHBQLgEkB-4FXO_o_Tnigv1rSAad62eLnY8QzcJi8g4vjbQyCsBNtxFCvIxF9qNnj/s1600/adk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgohd3ILpKhf4FVH3abNjQiGFYG6UtvcAr_54MWnQo1pfFrYtQuYKBZdYCG3W5FHFbidItJXKq9FIuYHBQLgEkB-4FXO_o_Tnigv1rSAad62eLnY8QzcJi8g4vjbQyCsBNtxFCvIxF9qNnj/s1600/adk.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">ADK</div><br />
</div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-76685772267509860452011-11-11T05:50:00.000-08:002011-11-11T05:53:18.144-08:00Manah Istri Carpon sunda<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<table class="contentpaneopen"><tbody>
<tr> <td valign="top"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="createdate" valign="top"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top"><div style="float: right; margin: 1px auto; padding: 7px; text-align: right;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"> meunag hayang puguh ge boga imah di sisi jalan teh. Ku kabeneran dipicangcam ti baheula mula, ayeuna sasat kabiruyungan. Tekal-tekil melaan kuru cileuh kentel peujit. Ku sasaha oge kasawang gaji Pe En Es butitina jaman kiwari. Gaji sabulaneun kadang- kadang boroampar nyesa nepi ka tanggal hiji bulan hareupna, mimindengna sapat di tengah jalan.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ngingetkeun pangala unggal bulan, ku sareat mah asa hamo bisa nyengsarkeun pikeun ngapimilik imah. Tapi da teu kitu mungguhing Pangeran mah, sagalana teu aya anu mustahil. Buktina anu kaalaman ku diri. Asal keyeng tinangtu bakal pareng, sanajan struk gaji rimbil ku potongan ti ditu ti dieu oge, tamada we…..! Ari parantos kumaha deui nya kulan !</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Loba leuwihna boga imah sisi jalan teh. Kaditu-kadieu babari ngadongkangna, pikeun sa-kuringeun diantarana lamun rek indit gawe jadi leuwih babari, kari megat mobil hareupeun imah, balikna nya kitu keneh, puguh kaliwatan pisan ku jalur angkutan padesaan, sakalieun balanja kaperluan sapopoe, boh rek ka pasar atawa toko anu aya di kota kacamatan hentu barabe deui.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Salian anu ditataan bieu ! aya deui onjoyna boga imah sisi jalan teh, lamun pareng meneran hade poena, dina harti keur halodo, komo poe Ahad atawa poe pakanci mah. Sakalieun ngadaweung ditepas imah, sok nambah matak resep. Asa ku loba tetempoan ! Pangpangna jalma anu lalar liwat atawa kandaraan anu meneran liwat hareupeun imah.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jiga harita poe Juma’ah pasosore, kabeneran hujan geus dua poe henteu turun. Patoja’iah pisan jeung kamari-kamarina, meh parat dua minggu katukang mah, henteu beurang, henteu peuting hujan turun taya kendatna. Dibaturan ku pamajikan saperti sasari lamun hade poena sok ngahajakeun ngadaweung di tepas hareup, ngobrol ngaler ngidul kaditu kadieu. Obrolan anu sifatna enteng marengan nginum cikopi haneut, lalawuhna mah saaya-aya we anu nyampak, sakalieun ngahajakeun paling meuli ti warung peuntaseun imah. Bosen ngobrol kaselang ku maca koran atawa majalah.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">”Asa ku hade poe teh nya Kang !” Pamajikan ngamimitian cumarita, kituna bari nunda majalah dina meja anu cikeneh mentas dibaca”. Omonganna teu ditembal! Kadenge-kadengena mah, tapi kagok keur pogot maca koran, puguh ge. Ongkoh-ongkoh we tonggoy kana bacaeun!</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“ Ieuh….baku ari geus tara ngadengekeun omongan pamajikan teh!” Neni, anu jadi pamajikan maido, pangrasana omonganana teu dipalire.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">“ Enya puguh ge kitu, Nen ! Kawasna mah rek maju ka dadangrat. Apanan geus rek April saminggu deui oge” Eleh deet, bari nutupkeun koran, nyelang heula nempo bengeutna sieun kateterusan baeud.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Sanajan rumah tangga geus meh ampir sapuluh taun, lamun pareng keur ngobrol. Ngabasakeun ka pamajikan cukup ku ngarana wae. Munasabah ! bisa jadi lantaran salila rumah tangga sakitu lilana encan wae diparengkeun boga turunan. Boga rasa henteu kagok nyebut ngaran sabab can boga budak.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Dina koran ieu, diwartakeun hahargaan kabutuhan poko mimiti cing tararekel naraek deui! ceuk pangrasa Akang naekna gaji bulan April teh asa taya hartina ari kitu mah”</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Keneh-keneh tea wae panginten Kang, ari kitu mah kasebutna” Obrolan kuring duaan kandeg nepi ka dinya. Kasapih ku panggero tatangga nu kabeneran ngaliwat hareupeun imah.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Wilujeng sonten pa Guru!” Pa Rosadi anu imahna di tungtung lembur beulah kulon, someah darehdeh bari sura-seuri nyari. Kayungyun tukangeunana Bu Ida ingkang garwa anu oge sarua darehdeh tandana miconggah.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Barade angkat ka mana atuh, ieu teh….?” Kuring gasik nembalan panggerona, disusul tepus ku pananya basa-basi.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Ngahaja we jalan-jalan, Pa Guru ! kaleresan gening nuju sae dintena” Bu Ida ngilu mairan.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Naha murangkalih henteu aya anu ngiring ?” Pamajikan ngilu nembrong. Encan oge Pa Rosadi jeung Bu Ida nembalan pananya pamajikan, kaburu kaganggu manten ku dua budak anu lumpat bari pating irihil suka seuri silih sirig.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Geuraheun Ibu ! sakitu budak piindung wungkul, teu kalis ngaringkang, sakalieun ka buruan ge teu weleh ngikintil” Bu Rosadi anu nembal teh.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Sajungna pa Rosadi sarimbit amitan. Ceg deui kana hanca bacaeun. Kareret pamajikan ngojengkang ka jero imah. Teu kungsi lila manehna norojol deui bari nanggeuy gelas dieusi cikopi karesep kuring. Sanggeus merenahkeun gelas dina meja, gek diuk dina korsi urutna tadi.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Lamun diparengkeun boga budak kawas bu Ida, Tada teuing resepna, moal sepi teuing” kadenge manehna humandeuar ngomong sorangan.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Lain sakali dua kali manehna nyarita jiga kitu. Geus bosen ngadengena ! Harita oge teu dipalire, diantepkeun we. Keur barang mimiti mah nyarita kitu. Sok gancang dilelemu, bari diyakinkeun yen sok sanajan teu diparengkeun boga turunan, tapi pikeun diri kuring mah rumah tangga jeung manehna ngarasa bagja bae. Jeung saenyana kuring mah nyarita kitu teh. Lain teu hayang boga budak cara batur, tapi kuring sadar tumamprak kana kadar papasten ti gusti. Sok sanajan sakapeung mah osok oge dirobeda oge ku pikiran hayang ganti atawa nambahan deui pamajikan. Nurutkeun diagnosa dokter mah kuring teh sehat henteu kua-kieu.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Hampura Neni, Kang! Rumasa henteu bisa nyugemakeun manah. Teu bisa mere turunan kawas awewe anu sejen! Ku kituna Neni ikhlas, upami tea mah Akang seja gaduh garwa deui”</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Ngadenge caritaan Neni bieu. Teu weudeu rada reuwas oge ! Kakara ari nyarita nepi ka lebah dinya mah, tapi henteu geruh. Kuring tetep ayem bari mikir-mikir jalan piomongeun, anu sakirana henteu matak jaheut kana hatena.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">“Nyaan….. Kang ! Neni mah serius, sanes nyarios tamba bau sungut ! Ieu mah leres kaluar tina ati sanubari. Estuning caang bulan opat welas, jalan gede sasapuan. Rido, teu katumpangan geuneuk maleukmeuk. Tong boroning diwayuh sanajan bade dikeser oge, Neni pasrah jalaran tamada dikersakeun gabug, hamo bisa mere turunan”</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Menggeus ! nyarita teh kamana wae, kawas henteu aya piomongeun deui anu sejen. Angguran mah kaditu geura Ashar bisi kaburu ahir manten !” Henteu kudu dititah ngadua kalian, manehna ngaleos ka jero imah.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Saditinggalkeunana ku nu jadi pamajikan. Pikiran jadi galideur, dirobeda ku lamunan teu pararuguh. Dadakuna mikiran obrolan bieu, naha nyaan jejeroan hatena teh nepi ka lebah dinya. Ceg ! Koran anu keur dikeukeuweuk teh ditunda dina meja. Sajongjonan mah kuring mgahintul ngumbar lamunan, bari panon mah anteng manco ka jalan hareupeun imah.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Teu sabaraha lila rentang-rentang ti jalan belah wetan, katempo dua urang awewe keur leumpang bareng, sanggeus deukeut jadi sidik kanu duaan teh, anu kaos beureum mah si Cucu, anu hiji deui mah teuing saha henteu apal. Paingan Ti kajauhan oge si Cucu mah sura-seuri. Kungsi ka ajar basa keur di ESDEna, ngan teu kungsi boga ijasah kaburu aya anu narikan kawin, tapi teu lila rumah tanggana. Ngadenge beja saprak papisah manehna digawe di Jakarta, rada pangling oge tadi mah. Tetempoan teh asa jadi leuwih mencrang.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sanggeus deukeut ka hareupeun, manehna seuri bari unggeuk. Kuring males ku imut, bari panon mah terus montel ka nu leumpang ka kulonkeun. Teuing kunaon bet jadi ngadon careraman. Nu keur leumpang teh make jeung ngadon diteuteup saanteng-anteng. Leler-leler reuwas kagareuwahkeun ku pamajikan anu ngabetahkeun tukangeun.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Kitu we nya bongoh ti pamajikan teh, dasar lalaki mata karanjang! teu kaop ninggal imbit badag mani moho, poho kana sagala rupa!” Neni nengtrewelang bari nulak cangkeng. Kareret beungeutna kuraweud haseum.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">Kuring ngan ukur melengek ! Teu kaharti ku pikiran anu jadi pamajikan. Karek maling reret ge geus sakitu werana, komo lamun kuring tulus nyandung. Beu…..Kiamat tea meureun</span>!</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-72175223572250355172011-11-03T06:44:00.000-07:002011-11-14T05:41:12.991-08:00Biografi Ibnu Khaldun sang tokoh ekonomi Islam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3YAHvyiaNDKbTDmkx3obk1Z6SSdhYKb4Yd9xTk00q70zKWLT9TiKj-zWg-lmOpHSe_0OYLmc3U6n6krKWq09VqJvOEz8Bf_I9SfU59OpqNbv8jFsutmgvlQ2aTXOHSHskr8YfoTwek1R8/s1600/ibnu-khaldun1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3YAHvyiaNDKbTDmkx3obk1Z6SSdhYKb4Yd9xTk00q70zKWLT9TiKj-zWg-lmOpHSe_0OYLmc3U6n6krKWq09VqJvOEz8Bf_I9SfU59OpqNbv8jFsutmgvlQ2aTXOHSHskr8YfoTwek1R8/s320/ibnu-khaldun1.jpg" width="238" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"> Nama lengkapnya adalah Waliuddin Abdurrahman bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakar Muhammad bin al-Hasan yang kemudian masyhur dengan sebutan Ibnu Khaldun. lahir di Tunisia pada 1 Ramadan 732 H./27 Mei 1332 M. adalah dikenal sebagai sejarawan dan bapak sosiologi Islam yang hafal Alquran sejak usia dini. Sebagai ahli politik Islam, ia pun dikenal sebagai bapak Ekonomi Islam, karena pemikiran-pemikirannya tentang teori ekonomi yang logis dan realistis jauh telah dikemukakannya sebelum Adam Smith (1723-1790) dan David Ricardo (1772-1823) mengemukakan teori-teori ekonominya. Bahkan ketika memasuki usia remaja, tulisan-tulisannya sudah menyebar ke mana-mana. . Tulisan-tulisan dan pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun terlahir karena studinya yang sangat dalam, pengamatan terhadap berbagai masyarakat yang dikenalnya dengan ilmu dan pengetahuan yang luas, serta ia hidup di tengah-tengah mereka dalam pengembaraannya yang luas pula. . Selain itu dalam tugas-tugas yang diembannya penuh dengan berbagai peristiwa, baik suka dan duka. Ia pun pernah menduduki jabatan penting di Fes, Granada, dan Afrika Utara serta pernah menjadi guru besar di Universitas al-Azhar, Kairo yang dibangun oleh dinasti Fathimiyyah. Dari sinilah ia melahirkan karya-karya yang monumental hingga saat ini. Nama dan karyanya harum dan dikenal di berbagai penjuru dunia. Panjang sekali jika kita berbicara tentang biografi Ibnu Khaldun, namun ada tiga periode yang bisa kita ingat kembali dalam perjalan hidup beliau. Periode pertama, masa dimana Ibnu Khaldun menuntut berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Yakni, ia belajar Alquran, tafsir, hadis, usul fikih, tauhid, fikih madzhab Maliki, ilmu nahwu dan sharaf, ilmu balaghah, fisika dan matematika. Dalam semua bidang studinya mendapatkan nilai yang sangat memuaskan dari para gurunya. Namun studinya terhenti karena penyakit pes telah melanda selatan Afrika pada tahun 749 H. yang merenggut ribuan nyawa. Ayahnya dan sebagian besar gurunya meninggal dunia. Ia pun berhijrah ke Maroko selanjutnya ke Mesir; Periode kedua, ia terjun dalam dunia politik dan sempat menjabat berbagai posisi penting kenegaraan seperti qadhi al-qudhat (Hakim Tertinggi). Namun, akibat fitnah dari lawan-lawan politiknya, Ibnu Khaldun sempat juga dijebloskan ke dalam penjara. SETELAH keluar dari penjara, dimulailah periode ketiga kehidupan Ibnu Khaldun, yaitu berkonsentrasi pada bidang penelitian dan penulisan, ia pun melengkapi dan merevisi catatan-catatannya yang telah lama dibuatnya. Seperti kitab al-’ibar (tujuh jilid) yang telah ia revisi dan ditambahnya bab-bab baru di dalamnya, nama kitab ini pun menjadi Kitab al-’Ibar wa Diwanul Mubtada’ awil Khabar fi Ayyamil ‘Arab wal ‘Ajam wal Barbar wa Man ‘Asharahum min Dzawis Sulthan al-Akbar. Kitab al-i’bar ini pernah diterjemahkan dan diterbitkan oleh De Slane pada tahun 1863, dengan judul Les Prolegomenes d’Ibn Khaldoun. Namun pengaruhnya baru terlihat setelah 27 tahun kemudian. Tepatnya pada tahun 1890, yakni saat pendapat-pendapat Ibnu Khaldun dikaji dan diadaptasi oleh sosiolog-sosiolog German dan Austria yang memberikan pencerahan bagi para sosiolog modern. Karya-karya lain Ibnu Khaldun yang bernilai sangat tinggi diantaranya, at-Ta’riif bi Ibn Khaldun (sebuah kitab autobiografi, catatan dari kitab sejarahnya); Muqaddimah (pendahuluan atas kitabu al-’ibar yang bercorak sosiologis-historis, dan filosofis); Lubab al-Muhassal fi Ushul ad-Diin (sebuah kitab tentang permasalahan dan pendapat-pendapat teologi, yang merupakan ringkasan dari kitab Muhassal Afkaar al-Mutaqaddimiin wa al-Muta’akh-khiriin karya Imam Fakhruddin ar-Razi). DR. Bryan S. Turner, guru besar sosiologi di Universitas of Aberdeen, Scotland dalam artikelnya “The Islamic Review & Arabic Affairs” di tahun 1970-an mengomentari tentang karya-karya Ibnu Khaldun. Ia menyatakan, “Tulisan-tulisan sosial dan sejarah dari Ibnu Khaldun hanya satu-satunya dari tradisi intelektual yang diterima dan diakui di dunia Barat, terutama ahli-ahli sosiologi dalam bahasa Inggris (yang menulis karya-karyanya dalam bahasa Inggris).” Salah satu tulisan yang sangat menonjol dan populer adalah muqaddimah (pendahuluan) yang merupakan buku terpenting tentang ilmu sosial dan masih terus dikaji hingga saat ini. Bahkan buku ini telah diterjemahkan dalam berbagai bahasa. Di sini Ibnu Khaldun menganalisis apa yang disebut dengan ‘gejala-gejala sosial’ dengan metoda-metodanya yang masuk akal yang dapat kita lihat bahwa ia menguasai dan memahami akan gejala-gejala sosial tersebut. Pada bab ke dua dan ke tiga, ia berbicara tentang gejala-gejala yang membedakan antara masyarakat primitif dengan masyarakat moderen dan bagaimana sistem pemerintahan dan urusan politik di masyarakat. Bab ke dua dan ke empat berbicara tentang gejala-gejala yang berkaitan dengan cara berkumpulnya manusia serta menerangkan pengaruh faktor-faktor dan lingkungan geografis terhadap gejala-gejala ini. Bab ke empat dan ke lima, menerangkan tentang ekonomi dalam individu, bermasyarakat maupun negara. Sedangkan bab ke enam berbicara tentang paedagogik, ilmu dan pengetahuan serta alat-alatnya. Sungguh mengagumkan sekali sebuah karya di abad ke-14 dengan lengkap menerangkan hal ihwal sosiologi, sejarah, ekonomi, ilmu dan pengetahuan. Ia telah menjelaskan terbentuk dan lenyapnya negara-negara dengan teori sejarah. Ibnu Khaldun sangat meyakini sekali, bahwa pada dasarnya negera-negara berdiri bergantung pada generasi pertama (pendiri negara) yang memiliki tekad dan kekuatan untuk mendirikan negara. Lalu, disusul oleh generasi ke dua yang menikmati kestabilan dan kemakmuran yang ditinggalkan generasi pertama. Kemudian, akan datang generasi ke tiga yang tumbuh menuju ketenangan, kesenangan, dan terbujuk oleh materi sehingga sedikit demi sedikit bangunan-bangunan spiritual melemah dan negara itu pun hancur, baik akibat kelemahan internal maupun karena serangan musuh-musuh yang kuat dari luar yang selalu mengawasi kelemahannya. ADA beberapa catatan penting dari sini yang dapat kita ambil bahan pelajaran. Bahwa Ibnu Khaldun menjunjung tinggi ilmu pengetahuan dan tidak meremehkan akan sebuah sejarah. Ia adalah seorang peneliti yang tak kenal lelah dengan dasar ilmu dan pengetahuan yang luas. Ia selalu memperhatikan akan komunitas-komunitas masyarakat. Selain seorang pejabat penting, ia pun seorang penulis yang produktif. Ia menghargai akan tulisan-tulisannya yang telah ia buat. Bahkan ketidaksempurnaan dalam tulisannya ia lengkapi dan perbaharui dengan memerlukan waktu dan kesabaran. Sehingga karyanya benar-benar berkualitas, yang di adaptasi oleh situasi dan kondisi. Karena pemikiran-pemikirannya yang briliyan Ibnu Khaldun dipandang sebagai peletak dasar ilmu-ilmu sosial dan politik Islam. Dasar pendidikan Alquran yang diterapkan oleh ayahnya menjadikan Ibnu Khaldun mengerti tentang Islam, dan giat mencari ilmu selain ilmu-ilmu keislaman. Sebagai Muslim dan hafidz Alquran, ia menjunjung tinggi akan kehebatan Alquran. Sebagaimana dikatakan olehnya, “Ketahuilah bahwa pendidikan Alquran termasuk syiar agama yang diterima oleh umat Islam di seluruh dunia Islam. Oleh kerena itu pendidikan Alquran dapat meresap ke dalam hati dan memperkuat iman. Dan pengajaran Alquran pun patut diutamakan sebelum mengembangkan ilmu-ilmu yang lain.” Jadi, nilai-nilai spiritual sangat di utamakan sekali dalam kajiannya, disamping mengkaji ilmu-ilmu lainnya. Kehancuran suatu negara, masyarakat, atau pun secara individu dapat disebabkan oleh lemahnya nilai-nilai spritual. Pendidikan agama sangatlah penting sekali sebagai dasar untuk menjadikan insan yang beriman dan bertakwa untuk kemaslahatan umat. Itulah kunci keberhasilan Ibnu Khaldun, ia wafat di Kairo Mesir pada saat bulan suci Ramadan tepatnya pada tanggal 25 Ramadan 808 H./19 Maret 1406 M.*** Sumber: - jacksite.wordpress.com</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px;"><br />
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 17px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><br />
</span></span></div></div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-65832583055364126092011-11-01T07:39:00.000-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.148-08:00SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN INTERNET<!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>IN</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults ext="edit" spidmax="2050"> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout ext="edit"> <o:idmap ext="edit" data="1"> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"" lang="EN-US">SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN INTERNET</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%" lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">Sejarah Internet dimulai pada tahun 60-an, yaitu ketika Levi C. Finch dan Robert W. Taylor mulai melakukan penelitian tentang jaringan global dan masalah interoperabilitas. Selanjutnya, beberapa program penelitian mulai dilakukan untuk melihat mekanisme pengaitan jaringan-jaringan yang berbeda secara fisik. Salah satu solusi yang muncul dari penelitian-penelitian tersebut adalah teknik packet switching. Pada teknik packet switching, data atau file berukuran besar yang akan dikirim melalui jaringan komputer terlebih dahulu dipotong menjadi paket kecil-kecil agar lebih mudah ditangani dan lebih Andal. Peneliti utama dalam pengembangan packet switching ini adalah Donald Davies (NPL), Paul Baran (RAND Corporation), Leonard Kleinrock dan kawan-kawan (MIT) dan UCLA Research Programs.<br /><br /><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Pada tahun 1969, Robert Taylor yang baru dipromosikan sebagai kepala kantor pemrosesan informasi di DARPA (Badan Riset Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat) bermaksud mengimplementaskan ide untuk membuat sistem jaringan yang saling terhubung. Bersama Larry Robert dari MIT, Robert Taylor memulai proyek yang kemudian dikenal sebagai ARPANET. Sambungan pertama ARPANET terbentuk antara University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) dan Stanford Research Institute (SRI) pada jam 22:30 tanggal 29 Oktober 1969. Pada tanggal 5 Desember 1969, ada dua jaringan lagi yang yang bergabung, yakni University of Utah dan University of California, Santa Barbara sehingga total terdapat empat (4) simpul jaringan. ARPANET yang berbasis pada teknologi ALOHAnet berkembang sangat cepat. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Selain jaringan untuk penelitian seperti ARPANET dan X.25, para hobbiis komputer juga mengembangkan teknik jaringan sendiri yang kemudian cukup populer, yaitu UUCP. Masalah terbesar pada teknik ini adalah bagaimana supaya berbagai jenis peralatan jaringan, seperti telepon, radio, kabel LAN yang secara fisik sangat berbeda dapat berkomunikasi satu sama lain. Keberagaman media fisik jaringan mendorong pengembangan tatacara komunikasi (protokol komunikasi) yang mampu melakukan internetworking, sehingga banyak jaringan kecil dapat saling tersambung menjadi satu menjadi jaringan komputer maha besar.<br /><br /><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Kumpulan tata cara komunikasi atau protokol Internet memungkinkan jaringan komputer dibangun menggunakan saluran fisik yang berbeda. Dalam bahasa yang sederhana, komputer yang terhubung menggunakan telepon, dapat berkomunikasi dengan komputer yang tersambung ke jaringan LAN maupun jaringan radio. Hal ini mendorong terjadinya inter-network (antar jaringan) secara global yang kemudian hari kita kenal sebagai “Internet”.<br /><br /><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Selain protokol Internet, hal lain yang tidak kalah penting dalam perkembangan Internet adalah metode pengalamatan di Internet. Jon Postel dari Information Science Institute (ISI) di University of Southern California (USC) adalah orang yang sangat berjasa di balik berbagai alokasi alamat IP Internet, manajemen Domain Name System (DNS), tipe media, dan berbagai alokasi nomor untuk tata cara komunikasi penting di Internet. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">Hingga wafatnya pada tanggal 16 Oktober 1998, Jon Postel mengelola Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Pada tanggal 21 Juli 1998, Jon Postel memperoleh Silver Medal dari International Telecommunications Union (ITU) atas jasa-jasanya membangun Internet di dunia. Saat ini, IANA dioperasikan oleh Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).<br /><br /><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Komersialisasi dan privatisasi Internet mulai terjadi pada tahun 1980-an di Amerika Serikat dengan di ijinkannya Internet Service Provider (ISP) untuk beroperasi. Internet mulai booming pada tahun 1990-an. dan menjadi kunci pemicu perubahan dalam budaya dan dunia usaha. Internet menawarkan pola komunikasi cepat menggunakan e-mail, diskusi bebas di forum, dan Web.</span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-US">Internet saat ini</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent:36.0pt"><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/CNET/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" align="right" height="32" width="32" /><span lang="EN-US">Tahun 1989, Timothy Berners-Lee, ahli komputer dari Inggris menciptakan World Wide Web yaitu semacam program yang memungkinkan suara, gambar, film, musik ditampilkan dalam internet. Karena penemuan inilah internet menjadi lebih menarik tampilannya dan sangat bervariasi. Dahulu internet hanya dapat digunakan oleh kalangan tertentu dan dengan komponen tertentu saja. Tetapi saat ini orang yang berada dirumah pun bisa terhubung ke internet dengan menggunakan modem dan jaringan telepon. Selain itu, Internet banyak digunakan oleh perusahaan, lembaga pendidikan, lembaga pemerintahan, lembaga militer di seluruh dunia untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat. </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Di samping manfaat-manfaat di atas, internet juga memiliki efek negatif dikarenakan terlalu bebasnya informasi yang ada di internet. Sehingga memungkinkan anak-anak melihat berbagai hal yang tidak pantas untuk dilihat ataupun dibaca.<br /></span></p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /><p style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p><p style="text-indent:36.0pt"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"" lang="EN-US">REFERENSI</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"" lang="EN-US">Riyn, “Sejarah dan Perkembangan Internet” 28 Juli 2011 <</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://riyn.multiply.com/journal/item/11"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">http://riyn.multiply.com/journal/item/11</span></b></a></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"" lang="EN-US">></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"" lang="EN-US">Riyn, “Sejarah Internet Dunia” 28 Juli 2011 <</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://riyn.multiply.com/journal/item/78/SEJARAH_INTERNET_DUNIA"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">http://riyn.multiply.com/journal/item/78/SEJARAH_INTERNET_DUNIA</span></b></a></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"" lang="EN-US">></span></b></p>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-42108045045636957722011-11-01T07:29:00.000-07:002011-11-11T06:19:38.364-08:00MAKALAH M U T A S I<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: black; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26pt;">M U T A S I</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 26pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 20pt;">Pola penurunan mutasi secara Mendelian/non-Mendelian dan akibat dari mutasi mitokondrial: Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size: 20pt;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pola penurunan Mendelian dan non-Mendelian</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pola penurunan Mendelian merupakan suatu prinsip utama mengenai penurunan karakteristik sifat dari parental ke anakan yang dikemukakan oleh Gregor Mendel<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref1"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn1">.</a> Penurunan ini mengikuti Hukum 1 dan Hukum 2 Mendel:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. Hukum 1 Mendel (Hukum Segregasi) mengemukakan bahwa pada saat pembentukan gamet terjadi pemisahan alel secara bebas, sehingga setiap gamet yang akan terbentuk akan menerima salah satu dari alel yang terpisah tadi. Dasar pemikiran (bukti) dari hukum ini adalah bahwa pada saat peristiwa meiosis, terjadi pemisahan kromosom paternal dan maternal sehingga alel-alel dengan karakteristik tertentu didistribusikan kepada dua gemet yang berbeda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. Adapun Hukum 2 Mendel (Hukum Asortasi) yang merupakan kelanjutan dari Hukum Segregasi mengemukakan bahwa pada saat pembentuan gamet akan terjadi pemasangan alel secara bebas dari kedua parental.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Dalam hal ini, dikenal istilah genotip, fenotip, dominan dan resesif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. Genotip adalah alel yang terdapat pada satu atau lebih lokus spesifik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. Fenotip adalah sifat fisik, biokimiawi, dan fisiologis yang terdapat dalam diri seseorang sebagaimana ditentukan baik secara genetik maupun lingkungan. Dengan kata lain fenotip adalah manifestasi genotip yang dapat dilihat pada tingkat makroskopis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. Dominan adalah sifat yang mempunyai pengaruh yang bersifat mengendalikan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. Resesif adalah sifat yang tidak dapat menampilkan dirinya kecuali alel yang bertanggung jawab membawa kedua anggota pasangan kromosom yang homolog<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref2"></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sebagai contoh aplikasinya, pada persilangan dua individu dengan satu sifat beda Aa x Aa (A dominan, a resesif), maka didapat keturunan dengan menggunakan diagram sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 55.5pt;" valign="top" width="74"><br />
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.5pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 55.5pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.5pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">AA</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Aa</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 55.5pt;" valign="top" width="74"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.5pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Aa</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">aa</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Maka didapatkan keturunan dengan perbandingan fenotip 3:1. Apabila jumlah sifat beda diperbanyak, maka akan didapatkan variasi keturunan yang lebih banyak. Misalnya pada dua sifat beda diperoleh perbandingan fenotip anakan 9:3:3:1, atau tiga sifat beda 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1, dst.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pola penurunan non-Mendelian adalah suatu pernyataan umum yang merujuk kepada pola penurunan sifat di mana sifat-sifat yang diwariskan tidak mengikuti aturan Mendel (pola penurunan Mendelian).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref3"></a> Pola-pola penurunan non-Mendelian yang diketahui sampai saat ini adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. Penurunan sifat ekstranukleus (<i>Extranuclear inheritance</i>). Penurunan ini meliputi penurunan DNA yang terdapat di klorofil dan mitokondria (keduanya berada di luar nukleus). Tahun 1908, Carl Correns menemukan bahwa warna daun pada <i>Mirabilis jalapa</i> diturunkan secara maternal. Ruth Sager kemudian mengidentifikasi bahwa DNA klorofil yang bertanggung jawab atas penurunan ini. Mary dan Hershel Mitchell juga menemukan sifat tertentu pada kapang <i>Neurospora crassa</i> yang dibawa secara maternal oleh DNA mitokondria.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. Konversi gen. Konversi gen merupakan suatu proses perbaikan dalam rekombinasi DNA, di mana sepotong sekuens DNA ditransferkan dari satu heliks ke heliks lain sehingga mengubah keseluruhan DNA heliks tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. Infectious heredity</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. <i>Infectious heredity</i> merupakan pola penurunan yang didasari atas infeksi partikel-partikel infeksius seperti virus dan bersifat melekat di sitoplasma sehingga mengubah fenotip individu dan dapat ditransmisikan hingga ke tahap progenik. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. Kesalahan pengulangan trinukleotida, yaitu kesalahan yang terjadi akibat pengulangan tandem mikrosatelit yang terdiri atas trinukleotida dan dapat mempengaruhi bacaan asam amino. Contoh penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan pengulangan trinukleotida adalah penyakit Huntington dan sindrom fragile-X.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">5. <i>Genomic imprinting</i>. <i>Genomic imprinting </i>merupakan suatu keadaan di mana sebelum gen diwariskan kepada anakan, terlebih dahulu gen tersebut ditandai sehingga mengubah bacaan fenotip gen tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">6. Mosaikisme. Mosaikisme merupakan suatu keadaan di mana pada tubuh seseorang terdapat sel yang memiliki perbedaan genetik dari sel-sel tubuh lainnya. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena mutasi yang terjadi hanya di jaringan tertentu. Apabila mutasi terjadi pada sel-sel gamet, maka mutasi akan diturunkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pola penurunan non-Mendelian: penurunan maternal</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Penurunan non-Mendelian maternal mengacu pada konsep penurunan suatu sifat tertentu melalui garis keturunan ibu. Hingga sampai saat ini diketahui penyebab dari hal tersebut adalah DNA mitokondria dan DNA klorofil. Teori tertentu menyebutkan bahwa mitokondria dan klorofil adalah organisme mikroskopis purba yang menginvasi sel eukariotik dan tinggal di dalamnya. Hal ini didasarkan pada pemikiran bahwa mitokondria dan klorofil memiliki DNA sendiri, selain itu mitokondria memiliki kemampuan untuk menghasilkan energi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Khusus pada organel mitokondria, pola pewarisannya secara maternal disebabkan oleh peristiwa pembuahan sel telur oleh sel sperma, di mana hanya kepala dari sel sperma yang sanggup memasuki sel telur sehingga mitokondria sperma yang melekat di ekor sperma menjadi ikut terlepas bersamaan dengan ekor sperma itu sendiri. Akibatnya satu-satunya sumber mitokondria untuk zigot yang kemudian terbentuk hanya sel telur. Itu sebabnya mitokondria yang terdapat pada makhluk hidup saat ini berasal dari mitokondria sel telur, dengan demikian DNA mitokondria yang terdapat pada sel makhluk hidup saat ini berasal dari DNA mitokondria maternal. Sehingga mutasi yang terjadi pada DNA mitokondria diwariskan secara maternal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Akibat dari mutasi DNA Mitokondria</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mutasi pada DNA mitokondria dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit, seperti Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (gangguan saraf neuropatik herediter Leber), kemerosotan fungsi jantung, penyakit muskular<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref4"></a>, ketulian<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref5"></a>, miopatik mitokondrial, sindrom Leigh, neuropathy/ataxia/retinitis pigmentosa/ptosis (NARP), myoneurogenic gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE), dan lain-lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sekilas mengenai Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) dan kaitannya dengan mutasi mtDNA</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">LHON merupakan suatu kelainan yang diturunkan secara mitokondrial (<i>mitochondrial inherited</i>) yang mana terjadi degenerasi sel ganglion retinal dan akson-aksonnya sehingga berujung kepada kebutaan akut/subakut. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh mutasi DNA mitokondria pada posisi nukleotida 11778 G menjadi A (subunit gen ND4)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref6"></a>, 3460 G menjadi A (subunit gen ND1), dan 14484 T menjadi C (subunit gen ND6) pada kompleks I rantai fosforilasi oksidatif mitokondria. Gen-gen yang terdapat pada subunit tersebut mengkodekan NADH dehidrogenase yang berfungsi pada proses fosforilasi oksidatif, di mana pada proses ini oksigen dan karbohidrat diproses menjadi energi, sehingga gangguan apapun yang terjadi dalam pengkodean dapat mengganggu proses yang kompleks tersebut. Namun sampai saat ini masih belum diketahui bagaimana gangguan ini dapat menyebabkan kematian sel-sel saraf optik dan berujung kepada penyakit LHON. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref7"></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Karena mutasi terjadi di mtDNA, maka penyakit ini diturunkan secara maternal. Kebanyakan penderita berusia belasan hingga tiga puluh tahun.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref8"></a> Namun dilaporkan ada juga penderita yang pada saat ditemukan penyakit LHON berusia delapan hingga enam puluh tahun. Permulaan dari penyakit LHON adalah kehilangan pandangan di salah satu mata pada usia dewasa muda, disusul dengan kehilangan pandangan mata berikutnya. Hal ini dapat berkembang menjadi atropi optik dan terdapat permukaan basah (<i>edematous</i>) pada stage akut, diikuti dengan mikroangiopatik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Epidemiologi penyebaran mutasi salah satu dari tiga mtDNA di atas adalah sekitar 1:30.000 sampai 1:50.000 di Eropa, 70% orang Eropa dan 90% orang Asia penderita LHON mengalami mutasi pada mtDNA G1177A. Meskipun demikian, tidak semua orang yang mengalami mutasi mtDNA mengalami LHON; hanya 50% pria dan 15% wanita yang mengalami mutasi pada mtDNA menderita penyakit LHON.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref9"></a> Hal ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan penetrasi penyakit, beratnya penyakit, faktor lingkungan, serta peluang tubuh untuk menghambat (melawan) penyakit tersebut.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_ednref10"></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Daftar Pustaka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<hr align="center" size="1" width="100%" /><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn1"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref1"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia. Mendelian inheritance [Online]. 2009 March 22 [cited 2009 March 31]; Available from: URL: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance">URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance</a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn2"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref2"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Saunders. Kamus saku kedokteran Dorland. 25<sup>th</sup> ed. Jakarta: EGC; 1998.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn3"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia.Non- Mendelian inheritance [Online]. 2009 Feb 23 [cited 2009 March 31]; Available from: URL: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance">URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn4"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref4"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> University of California-Irvine. Mitochondrial DNA mutations can cause degenerative heart and muscle disease. [Online]. 2008 Feb 14 [cited 2009 March 31]; Available from: URL:http:// <a href="http://www.physorg.com/news122221913.html">www.physorg.com/news122221913.html</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn5"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref5"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Guan%20MX%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Guan MX</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Enriquez%20JA%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Enriquez JA</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Fischel-Ghodsian%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Fischel-Ghodsian N</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Puranam%20RS%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Puranam RS</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Lin%20CP%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Lin CP</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Maw%20MA%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Maw MA</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Attardi%20G%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">et</a> al. The deafness-associated mitochondrial DNA mutation at position 7445, which affects tRNASer(UCN) precursor processing, has long-range effects on NADH dehydrogenase subunit ND6 gene expression [Online]. Mol Cell Biol 1998 Oct; 18(10):5868-79.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn6"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref6"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Wallace DC, Singh G, Lott Mt, Hodge JA, Schurr TG, Lezza AMS et al. Mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Science 1988;242:1427.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn7"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref7"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia. Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy [Online]. 2009 March 24 [cited 2009 March 31]; Available from: URL: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber%27s_hereditary_optic_neuropathy">URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber’s_hereditary_optic_neuropathy</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn8"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref8"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Yen MY, Yen TC, Pang CY, Liu JH, Wei YH. Mitochondrial DNA mutation in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Investigate Ophthalmology & Visual Science 1992 July;33:2561-6.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]<i>Hudson G, Carelli V, Horvath R, Zeviani M, Smeets HJ, Chinnery PF. </i><a href="http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v13/a265/" title="http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v13/a265/">X-Inactivation patterns in females harboring mtDNA mutations that cause Leber hereditary optic neuropathy</a>. Mol. Vis. 2007;13:2339-43.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6271363019052054382" name="_edn10"></a><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref10"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Hudson G, Carelli V, Spruitj L, et al. Clinical expression of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2007 August;81(2):228-33.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
Puji syukur </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">saya</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat serta karunia-Nya kepada </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">saya</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> sehingga </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">saya</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> berhasil menyelesaikan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">makalah</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> ini yang alhamdulillah tepat pada waktunya yang berjudul “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">M U T A S I</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">”<br />
<br />
Makalah ini berisikan tentang informasi Pengertian </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">MUTASI beserta pendapat para ahli dan contohnya serta jenisnya pula.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">saya</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> menyadari bahwa<a href="http://aadesanjaya.blogspot.com/"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> Makalah</span></a> ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran dari semua pihak yang bersifat membangun selalu kami harapkan demi kesempurnaan<a href="http://aadesanjaya.blogspot.com/"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> Makalah</span></a> ini.<br />
<br />
Akhir kata, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">saya</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> sampaikan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah berperan serta dalam penyusunan<a href="http://aadesanjaya.blogspot.com/"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> Makalah</span></a> ini dari awal sampai akhir. Semoga Allah SWT senantiasa meridhai segala usaha kita. Amin.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">Garut 01 November 2011</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">Penyusun</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"> ANALISIS</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Istilah mutasi memang terdengar familiar ditelinga kita. Namun,apa yang kita ketahui tentang mutasi ? </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MUTASI adalah perubahan gen dari bentuk aslinya ——> individu yang mengalami mutasi disebut MUTAN</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Sebenarnya,manusia sangat berpotensi untuk ber mutasi. Akan tetapi, mutasi yang terjadi itu belum tentu baik dan juga belum tentu buruk manusia adalah individu unik yang bias mengalami perubahan dan evolusi. Kita semua mempunyai sesuatu yang istimewa didalam diri kita.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Meskipun secara biologi sebagian terbesar mutasi menyebabkan gangguan pada </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">kebugaran</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(<i>fitness</i>) individu, bahkan kematian, mutasi sebenarnya adalah salah satu kunci bagi kemampuan beradaptasi suatu jenis (spesies) terhadap lingkungan baru atau yang berubah. Sisi positif ini dimanfaatkan oleh sejumlah bidang biologi terapan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Pemaparan tanaman terhadap radiasi sinar mengion, seperti sinar gamma dari CO-60, atau terhadap beberapa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kemikalia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kemikalia (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="text-decoration: none;">kemikalia</span></a>, seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etil-metan-sulfonat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Etil-metan-sulfonat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="text-decoration: none;">EMS</span></a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dietil_sulfonat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dietil sulfonat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="text-decoration: none;">DS</span></a>, dalam waktu dan kadar tertentu juga digunakan untuk menginduksi mutasi. Dalam penerapan ini, mutasi tidak ditujukan untuk mematikan sel, tetapi untuk mengubah susunan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basa_nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Basa nitrogen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="text-decoration: none;">basa nitrogen</span></a> pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="text-decoration: none;">DNA</span></a> atau untuk menyebabkan mutasi segmental. Harapannya adalah ada beberapa sel yang akan mengalami mutasi yang menguntungkan. Dengan demikian, tidak hanya sedikit yang dipaparkan, tetapi ribuan sampai ratusan ribu individu.</div><div style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;">Cara pemuliaan dengan bantuan mutasi ini kebanyakan dilakukan terhadap tanaman <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortikultura" title="Hortikultura"><span style="text-decoration: none;">hortikultura</span></a>, seperti tanaman <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayuran" title="Sayuran"><span style="text-decoration: none;">sayuran</span></a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaman_hias" title="Tanaman hias"><span style="text-decoration: none;">tanaman hias</span></a> (ornamental). <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Batan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Batan</span></a> telah menghasilkan beberapa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultivar" title="Kultivar"><span style="text-decoration: none;">kultivar</span></a> unggul <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi" title="Padi"><span style="text-decoration: none;">padi</span></a> yang dirakit melalui mutasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;"> M U T A S I</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt; line-height: 115%;">Anggita Hari Prasetyo</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 22pt; line-height: 115%;">XI ipa 8</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: white; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">SMA N 1 Garut</span></div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-60785239862947552782011-11-01T06:40:00.001-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.143-08:00M U T A S I 1.1<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>MUTASI </b><br />
adalah perubahan gen dari bentuk aslinya ——> individu yang mengalami mutasi disebut <b>MUTAN.</b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-family: inherit;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><b>JENIS-JENIS MUTASI</b></span> <span style="font-size: small;"><b>-</b><b> MUTASI KROMOSOM <br />
</b></span><span style="font-size: small;">yaitu perubahan susunan atau jumlah dari kromosom yang menyebabkan perubahan sifat individu lazim disebut <b>ABERASI</b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <b>-</b><b> MUTASI GEN <br />
</b></span><span style="font-size: small;">yaitu perubahan gen dalam kromosom (letak dan sifat) yang menyebab-kan perubahan sifat individu tanpa perubahan jumlah dan susunan kromosomnya lazim disebut <b>MUTASI </b>saja. </span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span> </div><div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Sarjana yang mempelajari mutasi adalah <b>HERMAN MULLER </b>(murid Morgan).<br />
Mutasi pada tumbuhan dipelajari oleh <b>HUGO DE VRIES.</b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-family: inherit;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><b>SEBAB-8EBAB MUTASI<br />
</b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>MUTASI ALAM <br />
</b>misalnya disebabkan sinar kosmis, radioaktif alam yang umumnya bersifat resesif dan merugikan. <br />
<b><br />
MUTASI BUATAN <br />
</b>misalnya dengan sinar X. </span> </div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-15428008784874718932011-11-01T06:39:00.000-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.143-08:00M U T A S I<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<header class="entry-header" style="color: white;"> <h1 class="entry-title" style="background-color: red; color: black; text-align: left;"><i>Pola penurunan mutasi secara Mendelian/non-Mendelian dan akibat dari mutasi mitokondrial: Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)</i></h1></header> <br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Pola penurunan Mendelian dan non-Mendelian</b></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b> </b>Pola penurunan Mendelian merupakan suatu prinsip utama mengenai penurunan karakteristik sifat dari parental ke anakan yang dikemukakan oleh Gregor Mendel<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn1" name="_ednref1">.</a> Penurunan ini mengikuti Hukum 1 dan Hukum 2 Mendel:</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">1. Hukum 1 Mendel (Hukum Segregasi) mengemukakan bahwa pada saat pembentukan gamet terjadi pemisahan alel secara bebas, sehingga setiap gamet yang akan terbentuk akan menerima salah satu dari alel yang terpisah tadi. Dasar pemikiran (bukti) dari hukum ini adalah bahwa pada saat peristiwa meiosis, terjadi pemisahan kromosom paternal dan maternal sehingga alel-alel dengan karakteristik tertentu didistribusikan kepada dua gemet yang berbeda.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">2. Adapun Hukum 2 Mendel (Hukum Asortasi) yang merupakan kelanjutan dari Hukum Segregasi mengemukakan bahwa pada saat pembentuan gamet akan terjadi pemasangan alel secara bebas dari kedua parental.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">Dalam hal ini, dikenal istilah genotip, fenotip, dominan dan resesif.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">1. Genotip adalah alel yang terdapat pada satu atau lebih lokus spesifik.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">2. Fenotip adalah sifat fisik, biokimiawi, dan fisiologis yang terdapat dalam diri seseorang sebagaimana ditentukan baik secara genetik maupun lingkungan. Dengan kata lain fenotip adalah manifestasi genotip yang dapat dilihat pada tingkat makroskopis.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">3. Dominan adalah sifat yang mempunyai pengaruh yang bersifat mengendalikan</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">4. Resesif adalah sifat yang tidak dapat menampilkan dirinya kecuali alel yang bertanggung jawab membawa kedua anggota pasangan kromosom yang homolog<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn2" name="_ednref2"></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">Sebagai contoh aplikasinya, pada persilangan dua individu dengan satu sifat beda Aa x Aa (A dominan, a resesif), maka didapat keturunan dengan menggunakan diagram sebagai berikut:</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family: inherit;"><tbody>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="74"><br />
</td> <td valign="top" width="58">A</td> <td valign="top" width="54">a</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="74">A</td> <td valign="top" width="58">AA</td> <td valign="top" width="54">Aa</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="74">a</td> <td valign="top" width="58">Aa</td> <td valign="top" width="54">aa</td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">Maka didapatkan keturunan dengan perbandingan fenotip 3:1. Apabila jumlah sifat beda diperbanyak, maka akan didapatkan variasi keturunan yang lebih banyak. Misalnya pada dua sifat beda diperoleh perbandingan fenotip anakan 9:3:3:1, atau tiga sifat beda 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1, dst.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">Pola penurunan non-Mendelian adalah suatu pernyataan umum yang merujuk kepada pola penurunan sifat di mana sifat-sifat yang diwariskan tidak mengikuti aturan Mendel (pola penurunan Mendelian).<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn3" name="_ednref3"></a> Pola-pola penurunan non-Mendelian yang diketahui sampai saat ini adalah:</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">1. Penurunan sifat ekstranukleus (<i>Extranuclear inheritance</i>). Penurunan ini meliputi penurunan DNA yang terdapat di klorofil dan mitokondria (keduanya berada di luar nukleus). Tahun 1908, Carl Correns menemukan bahwa warna daun pada <i>Mirabilis jalapa</i> diturunkan secara maternal. Ruth Sager kemudian mengidentifikasi bahwa DNA klorofil yang bertanggung jawab atas penurunan ini. Mary dan Hershel Mitchell juga menemukan sifat tertentu pada kapang <i>Neurospora crassa</i> yang dibawa secara maternal oleh DNA mitokondria.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">2. Konversi gen. Konversi gen merupakan suatu proses perbaikan dalam rekombinasi DNA, di mana sepotong sekuens DNA ditransferkan dari satu heliks ke heliks lain sehingga mengubah keseluruhan DNA heliks tersebut.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><i>3. </i><i>Infectious heredity</i>. <i>Infectious heredity</i> merupakan pola penurunan yang didasari atas infeksi partikel-partikel infeksius seperti virus dan bersifat melekat di sitoplasma sehingga mengubah fenotip individu dan dapat ditransmisikan hingga ke tahap progenik. <i></i></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">4. Kesalahan pengulangan trinukleotida, yaitu kesalahan yang terjadi akibat pengulangan tandem mikrosatelit yang terdiri atas trinukleotida dan dapat mempengaruhi bacaan asam amino. Contoh penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan pengulangan trinukleotida adalah penyakit Huntington dan sindrom fragile-X.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">5. <i>Genomic imprinting</i>. <i>Genomic imprinting </i>merupakan suatu keadaan di mana sebelum gen diwariskan kepada anakan, terlebih dahulu gen tersebut ditandai sehingga mengubah bacaan fenotip gen tersebut.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">6. Mosaikisme. Mosaikisme merupakan suatu keadaan di mana pada tubuh seseorang terdapat sel yang memiliki perbedaan genetik dari sel-sel tubuh lainnya. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena mutasi yang terjadi hanya di jaringan tertentu. Apabila mutasi terjadi pada sel-sel gamet, maka mutasi akan diturunkan.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Pola penurunan non-Mendelian: penurunan maternal</b></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b> </b>Penurunan non-Mendelian maternal mengacu pada konsep penurunan suatu sifat tertentu melalui garis keturunan ibu. Hingga sampai saat ini diketahui penyebab dari hal tersebut adalah DNA mitokondria dan DNA klorofil. Teori tertentu menyebutkan bahwa mitokondria dan klorofil adalah organisme mikroskopis purba yang menginvasi sel eukariotik dan tinggal di dalamnya. Hal ini didasarkan pada pemikiran bahwa mitokondria dan klorofil memiliki DNA sendiri, selain itu mitokondria memiliki kemampuan untuk menghasilkan energi.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">Khusus pada organel mitokondria, pola pewarisannya secara maternal disebabkan oleh peristiwa pembuahan sel telur oleh sel sperma, di mana hanya kepala dari sel sperma yang sanggup memasuki sel telur sehingga mitokondria sperma yang melekat di ekor sperma menjadi ikut terlepas bersamaan dengan ekor sperma itu sendiri. Akibatnya satu-satunya sumber mitokondria untuk zigot yang kemudian terbentuk hanya sel telur. Itu sebabnya mitokondria yang terdapat pada makhluk hidup saat ini berasal dari mitokondria sel telur, dengan demikian DNA mitokondria yang terdapat pada sel makhluk hidup saat ini berasal dari DNA mitokondria maternal. Sehingga mutasi yang terjadi pada DNA mitokondria diwariskan secara maternal.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b> </b></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b> </b></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b> </b></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Akibat dari mutasi DNA Mitokondria</b></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b> </b>Mutasi pada DNA mitokondria dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit, seperti Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (gangguan saraf neuropatik herediter Leber), kemerosotan fungsi jantung, penyakit muskular<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn4" name="_ednref4"></a>, ketulian<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn5" name="_ednref5"></a>, miopatik mitokondrial, sindrom Leigh, neuropathy/ataxia/retinitis pigmentosa/ptosis (NARP), myoneurogenic gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE), dan lain-lain.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Sekilas mengenai Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) dan kaitannya dengan mutasi mtDNA</b></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">LHON merupakan suatu kelainan yang diturunkan secara mitokondrial (<i>mitochondrial inherited</i>) yang mana terjadi degenerasi sel ganglion retinal dan akson-aksonnya sehingga berujung kepada kebutaan akut/subakut. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh mutasi DNA mitokondria pada posisi nukleotida 11778 G menjadi A (subunit gen ND4)<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn6" name="_ednref6"></a>, 3460 G menjadi A (subunit gen ND1), dan 14484 T menjadi C (subunit gen ND6) pada kompleks I rantai fosforilasi oksidatif mitokondria. Gen-gen yang terdapat pada subunit tersebut mengkodekan NADH dehidrogenase yang berfungsi pada proses fosforilasi oksidatif, di mana pada proses ini oksigen dan karbohidrat diproses menjadi energi, sehingga gangguan apapun yang terjadi dalam pengkodean dapat mengganggu proses yang kompleks tersebut. Namun sampai saat ini masih belum diketahui bagaimana gangguan ini dapat menyebabkan kematian sel-sel saraf optik dan berujung kepada penyakit LHON. <a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn7" name="_ednref7"></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">Karena mutasi terjadi di mtDNA, maka penyakit ini diturunkan secara maternal. Kebanyakan penderita berusia belasan hingga tiga puluh tahun.<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn8" name="_ednref8"></a> Namun dilaporkan ada juga penderita yang pada saat ditemukan penyakit LHON berusia delapan hingga enam puluh tahun. Permulaan dari penyakit LHON adalah kehilangan pandangan di salah satu mata pada usia dewasa muda, disusul dengan kehilangan pandangan mata berikutnya. Hal ini dapat berkembang menjadi atropi optik dan terdapat permukaan basah (<i>edematous</i>) pada stage akut, diikuti dengan mikroangiopatik.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">Epidemiologi penyebaran mutasi salah satu dari tiga mtDNA di atas adalah sekitar 1:30.000 sampai 1:50.000 di Eropa, 70% orang Eropa dan 90% orang Asia penderita LHON mengalami mutasi pada mtDNA G1177A. Meskipun demikian, tidak semua orang yang mengalami mutasi mtDNA mengalami LHON; hanya 50% pria dan 15% wanita yang mengalami mutasi pada mtDNA menderita penyakit LHON.<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn9" name="_ednref9"></a> Hal ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan penetrasi penyakit, beratnya penyakit, faktor lingkungan, serta peluang tubuh untuk menghambat (melawan) penyakit tersebut.<a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_edn10" name="_ednref10"></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">Daftar Pustaka</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<hr size="1" style="font-family: inherit;" /><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="font-family: inherit;">[1]</a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia. Mendelian inheritance [Online]. 2009 March 22 [cited 2009 March 31]; Available from: URL: </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" style="font-family: inherit;">URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance</a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref2" name="_edn2">[2]</a>Saunders. Kamus saku kedokteran Dorland. 25<sup>th</sup> ed. Jakarta: EGC; 1998.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref3" name="_edn3">[3]</a> Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia.Non- Mendelian inheritance [Online]. 2009 Feb 23 [cited 2009 March 31]; Available from: URL: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance">URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance</a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref4" name="_edn4">[4]</a> University of California-Irvine. Mitochondrial DNA mutations can cause degenerative heart and muscle disease. [Online]. 2008 Feb 14 [cited 2009 March 31]; Available from: URL:http:// <a href="http://www.physorg.com/news122221913.html">www.physorg.com/news122221913.html</a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref5" name="_edn5">[5]</a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Guan%20MX%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Guan MX</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Enriquez%20JA%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Enriquez JA</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Fischel-Ghodsian%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Fischel-Ghodsian N</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Puranam%20RS%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Puranam RS</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Lin%20CP%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Lin CP</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Maw%20MA%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">Maw MA</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Attardi%20G%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVCitation">et</a> al. The deafness-associated mitochondrial DNA mutation at position 7445, which affects tRNASer(UCN) precursor processing, has long-range effects on NADH dehydrogenase subunit ND6 gene expression [Online]. Mol Cell Biol 1998 Oct; 18(10):5868-79.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref6" name="_edn6">[6]</a> Wallace DC, Singh G, Lott Mt, Hodge JA, Schurr TG, Lezza AMS et al. Mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Science 1988;242:1427.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref7" name="_edn7">[7]</a> Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia. Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy [Online]. 2009 March 24 [cited 2009 March 31]; Available from: URL: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber%27s_hereditary_optic_neuropathy">URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber’s_hereditary_optic_neuropathy</a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref8" name="_edn8">[8]</a> Yen MY, Yen TC, Pang CY, Liu JH, Wei YH. Mitochondrial DNA mutation in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Investigate Ophthalmology & Visual Science 1992 July;33:2561-6.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref9" name="_edn9"></a><cite> </cite></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">[9]<cite>Hudson G, Carelli V, Horvath R, Zeviani M, Smeets HJ, Chinnery PF. </cite><a href="http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v13/a265/" title="http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v13/a265/">X-Inactivation patterns in females harboring mtDNA mutations that cause Leber hereditary optic neuropathy</a>. Mol. Vis. 2007;13:2339-43.</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://sectiocadaveris.wordpress.com/artikel-kedokteran/pola-penurunan-mutasi-secara-mendeliannon-mendelian-dan-akibat-dari-mutasi-mitokondrial-lebers-hereditary-optic-neuropathy-lhon/#_ednref10" name="_edn10">[10]</a>Hudson G, Carelli V, Spruitj L, et al. Clinical expression of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2007 August;81(2):228-33.</div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-31139301816817727422011-10-30T05:08:00.000-07:002011-11-14T06:12:05.444-08:00PENYUSUN HEWAN YANG MEMANG UNIK<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hewan tersusun atas jaringan-jaringan yang luar biasa,dilihat dari bentuk maupun penyusunnya.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">pertama kita harus tahu dulu apa itu jaringan. Jaringan adalah kumpulan sel yang mempunyai bentuk dan fungsi sama. Cabang ilmu Biologi</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">yang memepelajari khusus tentang jaringan disebut histology.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Macam-macam jaringan pada hewan:</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. Jaringan Embrional</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jaringan embrional adalah jaringan muda yang sel-selnya senantiasa membelah. Jaringan ini</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">merupakan hasil pemebalahan sel zigot. Pada tahap awal terbentknya embrio, sel-sel penyusunnya</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">mempunyai bentuk sama. Namun dalam perkembangan selanjutnya sel-sel tersebut akan membelah</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">dan mengalami perubahan bentuk , proses ini disebut spesialisasi. Hasil spesialisasi ini antara lain,</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">lapisan jaringan embrional.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Embrio hewan ada yang terdiri atas dua lapisan (disebut diploblastik), yaitu ectoderm (lapisan luar)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">dan entoderm (lapisan dalam). Contoh; Coelenterata.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">dan ada yang terdiri tiga lapisan (disebut triploblastik). Tiga lapisan ini tersebut adalah ekstoderm</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(lapisan luar), mesoderm (lapisan tengah) dan entoderm (lapisan dalam).Contoh ; cacing tanah,</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">siput, arthropoda dan chordate.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. Jaringan Epitel</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Adalah jaringan yang melapisi atau menutup permukaan tubuh, organ tubuh, rongga tubuh atau</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">permukaan saluran tubuh hewan.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fungsi dari jaringan epitel antara lain:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">a. Pelindung atau proteksi, missal epitel pada kulit dan rongga mulut</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">b. Sebagai kelenjar atau menghasilkan getah.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kelenjar terbagi menjadi eksokrin (melalui sebuah saluran, contoh kelenjar keringat dan</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">kelenjar air liur) dan endokrin (tidak mempunyai saluran khusus tetapi langsung melalui</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">saluran darah, contoh kelenjar tiroid , kelenjar hipofisis dll).</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">c. Sebagai penerima rangsang (reseptor), disebut epitel sensori (neuroepitelium) contoh yang</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">terletak disekitar alat indra.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">d. Sebagi jalur lalu lintas transportasi zat. Artinya epitel dapat berfungsi sebagai penyerapan</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">zat ke dalam tubuh, contoh epitel pada jonjot usus. Epitel juga dapat berfungsi untuk</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">mengeluarkan zat dari dalam tubuh, contoh pada nefron ginjal untuk lewatnya urine.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berdasarkan bentuk dan susunannya, jaringan epitel dibedakan menjadi :</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">a. Epitel pipih berlapis tunggal,</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">antara lain terdapat pada pembuluh darah, pembuluh limfa, selaput bagian dalam telinga,</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">kapsula glomerulus pada ginjal.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fungsinya terkait dengan proses difusi dan filtrasi atau penyaringan.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">b. Epitel pipih berlapis banyak,</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Misalnya jaringan yang melapisi rongga mulut, epidermis, esofagus, vagina, rongga hidung.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fungsinya terkait dengan proteksi atau perlindungan.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">c. Epitel kubus berlapis tunggal,</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Misalnya sel epitel yang melapisi permukaan dalam lensa mata, permukaan ovary atau</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">indung telur, saluran nefron ginjal.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">d. Epitel Kubus Berlapis banyak</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Misalnya, epitel yang membentuk saluran kelenjar minyak dan kelenjar keringat pada kulit</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">e. Epitel Silindris Berlapis Tunggal</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Misalnya, jaringan yang melapisi permukaan dalam lambung, jonjot usus, kelenjar</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">pencernaan, saluran pernapasan bagian atas.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fungsinya berhubungan dengan sekresi, adsorbsi dan proteksi</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">f. Epitel Silindris Berlapis Banyak</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Terdapat pada saluran ekskresi kelenjar ludah dan kelenjar susu, uretra serta permukaan alat</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">tubuh yang basah.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">g. Epitel Silindris Berlapis Banyak Semu (Epitel Silindris Bersilia)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Terdapat pada saluran ekskresi besar, saluran reproduksi jantan, saluran pernapasan.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fungsi berhubungan dengan proteksi atau perlindungan, sekresi dan gerakan zat yang</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">melewati permukaan.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">h. Epitel Transisional</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merupakan epitel berlapis yang sel-selnya tidak dapat digolongkan berdasarkan bentuknya.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bila jaringan menggelembung, bentuknya berubah. Biasanya membrane dasarnya tidak</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">jelas.</span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">saya mempunyai sesuatu yang menarik disini , yaitu : </span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px;">Pertumbuhan pada hewan dibagi menjadi 2 fase, yaitu : </span></div></div><ol style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fase Embrionik</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fase Pasca Embryonik</span></span></li>
</ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">FASE EMBRYONIK </span></span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fase Embryonik adalah fase pertumbuhan zigot hingga terbentuknya embrio. </span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fase ini meliputi beberapa tahapan.Yaitu </span></span></li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Cleavage ( Pembelahan )</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gastrulasi</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Morfogenesis</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Defrensiasi dan Specialisasi </span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Imbas Embryonik </span></span></li>
</ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">CLEAVAGE </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Fase Pembelahan (Cleavage) dan Blastulasi </span></span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pembelahan zigot membelah (mitosis) menjadi banyak blastomer. Blastomer berkumpul membentuk seperti buah arbei disebut Morula</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Morula mempunyai 2 kutub, yaitu :</span></span></li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">kutub hewan (animal pole)</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">kutub tumbuhan (vegetal pole) </span></span></li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Blastulasi sel-sel morula membelah dan "arbei" morula membentuk rongga (blastocoel) yang berisi air, disebut Blastula. </span></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaiD78JnGcGLVH3O_S66YPrqejavBs6uJiu2CdD3vTKTlmISfyVhb0fRBOlkUvMhiiQMQpyyF2kI44yth_sRLTFcCu6vHdbKS3SwDnDbzJxJKLefHc13tyR1Id2XFyWwEMAhENdxZx0tD2/s400/gastrulasi.bmp" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" /></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">GASTRULASI </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Gastrulasi</span><span class="fullpost" style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> Adalah proses perubahan blastula menjadi gastrula. </span></span></span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pada fase Gastrula ini terjadi hal hal antara lain :</span></li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">blastocoel mengempis atau bahkan menghilang</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">terbentuk lubang blastopole ⇒ akan berkembang menjadi anus</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">terbentuk ruang, yaitu gastrocoel (Archenteron) ⇒ akan berkembang menjadi saluran pencernaan</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">terbentuk 3 lapisan embrionik : ektoderm, mesoderm dan endoderm </span></span></li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berdasarkan jumlah lapisan embrional, hewan dikelompokkan menjadi:</span></li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hewan diploblastik : memiliki 2 lapisan embrional, ektoderm dan endoderm , Contoh pada hewan Porifera dan Coelenterata </span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hewan triploblastik : memiliki ketiga lapisan embrional </span></span></li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kelompok hewan Triloblastik ini ini dibagi dalam tingkatan yaitu </span></span></li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Triploblastik aselomata : tak memiliki rongga tubuh contoh Cacing Platyhelminthes</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Triploblastik pseudoselomata : memiliki rongga tubuh yang semu : Cacing Nemathelminthes : Cacing tambang , cacing perut , Cacing filaria , Cacing Kremi dll</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Triploblastik selomata: memiliki rongga tubuh yang sesungguhnya, yaitu basil pelipatan mesoderm misalnya kelompok : Anelida , Mollusca , Echinodermata , Arthropoda , Chordata ( Vertebrata PARAM) </span></span></li>
</ol><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="fullpost" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span></span><br />
<div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px;">MORFOGENESIS</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="fullpost" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px;"><br />
</span></span></div><span class="fullpost" style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="background-color: white;">Morfogenesis Proses pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan diferensiasi menjadi organ, sistem organ dan organisme.</div></div></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Terjadi defrensiasi</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Terjadi Specialisasi</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Organogenesis</span></span></li>
</ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px;"><br />
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="fullpost" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 20px;">DEFRENSIASI DAN SPECIALISASI</span></div><br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Diferensiasi ⇒ jaringan/lapisan embrionik akan berkembang menjadi berbagai organ dan sistem organ.</span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Spesialisasi ⇒ setiap jaringan akan mempunyai bentuk, struktur dan fungsinya masing-masing. </span></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 20px;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">ORGANOGENESIS<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">yaitu proses pembentukan organ-organ tubuh pada makhluk hidup (hewan dan manusia). Organ yang dibentuk ini berasal dari masing-masing lapisan dinding tubuh embrio pada fase gastrula.</span></span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Contohnya :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></div><ol><li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Lapisan Ektoderm akan berdiferensiasi menjadi cor (jantung), otak (sistem saraf), integumen (kulit),rambut dan alat indera.</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Lapisan Mesoderm akan berdiferensiasi menjadi otot, rangka (tulang/osteon), alat reproduksi (testis dan ovarium), alat peredaran darah dan alat ekskresi seperti ren.</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Lapisan Endoderm akan berdiferensiasi menjadi alat pencernaan, kelenjar pencernaan, dan alat respirasi seperti pulmo.</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="font: normal normal normal 30px/normal Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://biologigonz.blogspot.com/2011/05/variasi-ginjal-hewan.html" style="outline-color: initial !important; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;">VARIASI GINJAL HEWAN</span></a></h3><div class="post-header" style="line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="post-header-line-1"></div></div><div class="post-body entry-content" style="line-height: 1.5; position: relative; width: 538px;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hewan Vertebrata merupakan hewan yang relatif maju sistem organ di tubuhnya baik sistem reproduklsi , Respirasi , Koordinasi maupun Ekskresi .</span></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berikut akan diuraikan sistem ekskresi khususnya Ginjal yang membentuk urine dengan mencuci darah dari hasil sisa metabolisme</span></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Vertebrata memiliki ginjal seperti manusia, tetapi terdapat beberapa perbedaan dalam struktur dan fungsinya.</span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Perbedaan-perbedaan ini dapat dihubungkan dengan lingkungan hidup hewan tersebut.</span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pada vertebrata terdapat beberapa tipe ginjal, yaitu pronefros, opistonefros, mesonefros, dan metanefros.</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pronefros adalah ginjal yang berkembang pada Ease embrio atau larva yang selanjutnya akan berubah menjadi mesonefros dan akhirnya menjadi<span style="font-weight: bold;">metanefros</span>.</span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Opistonefros</span> adalah tipe ginjal yang terdapat pada amfibi dan ikan.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sistem Ekskresi Ikan</span></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Alat ekskresi ikan berupa sepasang ginjal yang memanjang (opistonefros) dan berwarna kemerah-merahan. Pada beberapa jenis ikan, seperti ikan mas, saluran ginjal (kemih) menyatu dengan saluran kelenjar kelamin yang disebut saluran urogenital. Saluran urogenital terletak di belakang anus, sedangkan pada beberapa jenis ikan yang lain memiliki kloaka. Karena ikan hidup di air, ikan harus selalu menjaga keseimbangan tekanan osmotiknya.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pada ikan yang bernapas dengan insang, urin dikeluarkan melalui kloaka atau porus urogenitalis; dan karbon dioksida dikeluarkan melalui insang. Pada ikan yang bernapas dengan paru-paru, karbon dioksida dikeluarkan melalui paru-paru; dan urin dikeluarkan melalui kloaka.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mekanisme ekskresi pada ikan yang hidup di air tawar dan air laut berbeda. Ikan yang hidup di air tawar mengeksresikan amonia dan aktif menyerap oksigen melalui insang, serta mengeluarkan urin dalam jumlah yang besar. Sebaliknya, ikan yang hidup di laut akan mengekskresikan amonia melalui urin yang jumlahnya sedikit.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sistem Ekskresi Katak</span></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Alat ekskresi utama katak adalah sepasang ginjal (opistonefros) yang terletak di kanan dan kiri tulang belakang. Ginjal berwarna merah kecokelat¬cokelatan. Ginjal sebagai alat penyaring akan mengeluarkan zat sisa, yaitu garam-garam mineral dan cairan dari darah. Saluran ekskresi katak merupakan sepasang saluran yang akan bermuara di kloaka. Pada katak jantan, saluran ginjal. dan saluran kelaminnya menyatu, sedangkan pada katak betina tidak.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sistem Ekskresi Reptil</span></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Alat ekskresi reptil berupa ginjal (metanefros) yang sudah berkembang sejak masa embrio. Ginjal ini dihubungkan oleh saluran ke kantung kemih dan langsung bermuara ke kloaka. Selain ginjal, pada reptil memiliki kelenjar kulit yang mengliasilkan asam urat tertentu yang berguna untuk mengusir musuh.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sistem Ekskresi Burung</span></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Alat ekskresi pada burung terdiri dari ginjal (metanefros), paru-paru, dan kulit. Burung memiliki sepasang ginjal yang berwarna cokelat. Saluran ekskresi terdiri dari ginjal yang menyatu dengan saluran kelamin pada bagian akhir usus (kloaka). Burung mengekskresikan zat berupa asam urat dan garam. Kelebihan larutan garam akan mengalir ke rongga hidung dan keluar melalui nares (lubang hidung). Burung hampir tidak memiliki kelenjar kulit, tetapi memiliki kelenjar minyak yang terdapat pada tunggingnya. Kelenjar minyak berguna untuk meminyaki bulu-bulunya</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">EKSKRESI HEWAN INVERTEBRATA</span></span></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sel api ( Flame cell ) : pada Platyhelmintes : Planaria</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Nefridium : pada cacing Annelida : Cacing tanah</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Buluh Malphigi : Serangga</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Vacuola contractil : Protozoa ( Paramaecium)</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Coxae : Arachnoida</span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kelenjar Hijau Crustacea : Udang</span></span></li>
</ul></div></li>
</ol></div></div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-19833332112555768592011-10-30T04:42:00.000-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.147-08:00istilah Akuntansi buat kamu kamu<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://amadeusprasetyo.blogspot.com/">NAMA AKUN / ISTILAH AKUNTANSI</a> </h3><div class="post-header-line-1" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"></div><div class="post-body entry-content" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="fullpost" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;"></div><div class="post-header" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;"></div><br />
<ul><li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ACTUAL AMOUNT = Jumlah sesungguhnya</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ACTUAL COST ( arti islilahnya ) Biaya sesungguhnya</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ACTUAL FACTORY OVERHEAD = Beban overhead sesungguhnya</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ACTUAL LIABILITY=Hutang nyata</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ACTUAL PRICE= Harga sesungguhnya</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ACTUAL QUANTITY = Kwalitas sesungguhnya</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ADJUSTED BALANCE = Saldo setelah penyesuaian</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE = Neraca saldo penyesuaian</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ADJUSTING ENTRIES = Ayat jurnal penyesuaian</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ADDITIONAL COST ( istilahnya ) Biaya tambahan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ADVANCE FROM CUSTOMER = Uang muka langganan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ADVANCE ACCOUNTING = Akuntansi lanjutan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ADVERTISING EXPENSE = Biaya iklan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ADVERSE OPINION = Pendapatan tidak wajar</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* Allowance for inventory decline to market = Cadangan penurunan nilai persediaan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ALLOWANCE METHOD ( artinya ) Metode cadangan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ALLOWANCE ACCOUNT = Perkiraan cadangan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ALLOWANCE FOR BAD DEBT = Cadangan piutang tak tertagih</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBT FULL ACCOUNT = Cadangan pitang ragu-ragu</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ALLOWANCE FOR OVERVALUATION OF BRANCH MERCHANDISE = Cadangan kenaikan harga barang cabang</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* AMORTIZATION = Penyusutan atas harta tak berwujud</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* APPLIED FACTORY OVERHEAD COST = Biaya overhead yang dibebankan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ANNUAL REPORT ( istilah ) Laporan tahunan</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ASSET ( istilah ) Harta</li>
<li style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;">* ASSET APPROACH = Pendekatan aktifa</li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNT = Perkiraan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE = Piutang Dagang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNT FROM = Bentuk Perkiraan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNT NOT CURRENT = Pos-pos yang tidak lancar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNT PAYABLE = Hutang Lancar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNT PAYABLE LEDGER= Buku besar hutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE STATEMENT= Dartar piutang usaha</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Account Payable Subsidiary Ledger = Buku tambahan piutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTANT = Akuntan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTANT FEE EXPENSE = Biaya akuntan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTANT PUBLIC = Akuntan publik</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING = Akuntasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING ASSUMPTION = Asumsi akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING CYCLE = Sirklus akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING DATA = Data akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT = Departemen akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING EQUATION = Persaman akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING INCOME = Laba akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING INFORMATION = Informasi akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING INSTRUCTION = Intruksi akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT = Manajement akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING METHOD = Metode akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING PERIOD = Periode akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE = Akuntansi dasar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE = Prosedur akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING RESPONSIBILITY = Akuntansi pertanggung jawaban</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTING SYSTEM = Sistem akuntansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCOUNTS INTER COMPANY = Rekening antar perusahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCRUED EXPENSE = Biaya yang akan di bayar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCRUED EXPENSE PAYABLE = Beban terhutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCRUED PAYROLL PAYABLE = Utang gaji</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCRUED INTERS PAYABLE = Bunga terhutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCRUED REVENUE = Pendapatan yang akan diterima</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCRUED TAX PAYABLE = Hutang pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCRUED WAGES PAYABLE = Upah terhutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCUMULATED DEPLETION = Akumulasi deplesi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION = Akumulasi penyusutan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ASSET ACCOUNT = Perkiranan harta</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* AUDIT FEE = Pendapatan audit</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ASSUME = Asumsi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* AUDIT EXPENSE = Biaya audit</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* AUDIT PROGRAMME = Program pemeriksaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* AUDIT PROCESS = Proses pemeriksaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* AUDIT PLANNING = Rencana pereiksaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* AUDITOR ( islilahnya ) Pemerikasa keuangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* AUDITING = Pemeriksaan keuangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* AVERAGE METHOD = Metode rata-rata</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BALANCE SHEET ( arti istilahnya ) Neraca</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BALANCE PER BANK = Saldo menurut bank</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BALANCE PER BOOK = Saldo menurut buku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNT = Perkiraan neraca</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BALANCE AMOUNT = keseimbangan jumlah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BANK PAYABLE = Hutang bank</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BALANCE BEFORE LIQUIDATION = Saldo sebelum likuidasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BANK RECONCILIATION = Reconsiliasi bank</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BANK SERVICE CHARGE = Bedan administrasi bank</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BANK STATEMENT = Rekening koran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BIN CARD ( artinya ) Kartu gudang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENT = Laporan keuangan pokok</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BEGINNING BALANCE = Saldo awal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BETTERMENT = Perbaikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BOOK VALUE = Nilai buku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BOOK VALUE OF ASSET = Nilai buku aktifa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BOOK VALUE PER SHARE = Nilai buku per saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BRANCH ( istilah akuntansi ) Cabang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BRANCH MERCHANDISE = Barang dagangan cabang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BRANCH PROFIT = Keuntungan cabang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BREAK EVENT = Pulang pokok</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BREAK EVEN PIONT = Titik pulang pokok</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BREAK EVEN SALES = Penjualan pulang pokok</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BUDGET ( arti istilahnya ) Anggaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BUDGET VARIANCE = Selisih anggaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BUDGET FLEXIBLE = Anggaran flexsibel</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BUDGET FIXED = Anggaran tetap</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BUDGET CYCLE = Siklus Anggaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BUDGET BALANCE SHEET = Anggaran neraca</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BY PRODUCT = Produksi sampingan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BUILDING ( istilahnya ) Gedung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* BUSINESS ENTITY = Kesatuan usaha</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CAPITAL ( info intilah ) Modal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CAPITAL STATEMENT = Laporan perubahan modal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CAPITAL STOCK = Modal saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH = Kas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH BUDGET = Anggaran kas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH COUNT = Perhitungan kas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH DISBURSEMENT JOURNAL = Jurnal pengeluaran kas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH DISCOUNT = Potongan yang diberikan atas pembayaran tunai</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH FLOW ( info intilahnya ) Alur kas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH FLOW CYCLE = Siklus alur kas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH IN BANK = Kas dalam bank/kas di bank</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH ON HAND = Kas di tangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH IN TRANSIT = Kas dalam perjalanan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH PAYMENT JOURNAL = Buku kas pengeluaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH RECEIPT JOURNAL = Buku kas penerimaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CASH SALES = Penjualan tunai</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CLOSING ENTRIES = Ayat jurnal penutup</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* COST = Biaya</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* COST ACCOUNTING = Akuntansi biaya</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* COST OF GOODS AVAIBLE FOR SALES = Harga pokok barang tersedia untuk dijual</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* COST OF GOODS MANUFACTURED = Harga pokok produksi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* COST OF SOLD = Harga pokok barang yang di jual</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CURRENCY = Mata uang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CURRENCY ASSET = Harta lancar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* CURRENCY LIABILITIES = Hutang jangka pendek</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DEBIT NOTE = Nota debet</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DEBIT BALANCE = saldo debet</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DEDUCTION = Pengurangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DEFECTIVE GOODS = Produk rusak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DEFERRED GROS PROFIT ON REALIZATION = Laba kotar yang belum direalisasikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DELIVERY EXPENSE = Biaya pengankutan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DEPOSIT SLIP = Bukti setoran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DEPRECIATION = Penyusutan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DEPRECIATION EXPENSE = Biaya penusutan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DETERMINING DEPRECIATION = Penetapan penyusutan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DIRECT COSTING = Penetapan biaya langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DIRECT DEPARTMENT OVERHEAD EXPENSE = Beban/biaya overhead departemen lansungMiring</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DIRECT EXPENSE = Biaya langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DIRECT LABOR COST BUTGET = Biaya anggaran buruh langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DIRECT TAXES = Pajak langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DIRECT WRITE OFF = Penghapusan langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DISCOUNT = Potngan ( harga )</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DISSOLUTION = Pembubaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DIVIDEND STOCK = Deviden saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM = Sistem pembukuan berpasangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DRAFT ( info ) = Wesel</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* DUE DATE = Tanggal jatuh tempo</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EARNED = Pendapatan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EARNING AFTER INTEREST AND TAXES = Pendapatan sesudah bunga dan pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EARNING AFTER TAX = Pendapatan sesudah pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ECONOMIC LIFE = Umur ekomoni</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY = Jumlah pembelian optimal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EMERGENCY WORKING CAPITAL = Modal kerja darurat</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EMPLOYEE EARNING STATEMENT = Laporan gaji karyawan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* END OF MONTH TRIAL BALANCE = Daftar saldo akhir bulan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ENDING BALANCE = Saldo akhir</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ENDING INVENTORY = Persediaan akhir</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ENTERTAIMENT EXPENSE = Biaya entertain</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ENTRY = Ayat</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EQUIPMENT = Peralatan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EQUITIES = Kekayaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EQUITY IH INCOME OF SUBSIDIARY COMPANY = Laba atas anak perusahaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ESTIMATE VALUE = Nilai taksir</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* ESTIMATED GROSS PROVIT = Taksiran laba kotor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EVIDENCE = Bukti-bukti</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXCEPT = Pengecualian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXCESS OF COST OVER BOOK VALUE OF SUBSIDIARY INTEREST = Selisih lebih harga pokok di atas nilai buku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXCESS VALUE = Nilai lebih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXCHANGE RATE = Nilai tukar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXPECTED ACTUAL CAPACITY = Kapasitas yang sesungguhnya di harapkan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXPECTED RATE OF RETURN = Tingkat pengembalian yang diinginkan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXPIRED = Kadarluasa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXPENSE = Biaya</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXTERNAL AUDIT = Pemeriksaan ekternal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXTRA ORDINARY GAIN = pembelajan yang luar biasa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXTRA ORDINARY LOSS = Kerugian yang luar biasa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXTRA ORDINARY REPAIRS = Perbaikan luar biasa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* EXTRA ORDINARY RETIREMENT = Penarikan aktiva sebab luar biasa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fiscal Year = Tahun pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fixed asset subsidiary ledge = Buku tambahan harta tetap</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fixed asset turnover = Perputaran harta tetap</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fixed capital asset = Modal kerja tetap</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fixed cast = Biaya tetap</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fixed efficency variance = Penyimpangan effisiensi yang tetap</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fixed factory overhead = Overhead pabrik yang tetap</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Flexible budget = Anggaran yang berubah-ubah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Floor = Batasan bawah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Flow of cost = Aliran biaya</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Flow of document = Peredaran dokumen</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Flow of funds = Aliran dana</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Flow of work = Peredaran kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Flowchart = Daftar aliran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fluctualing method = Metode fluktuasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fluctuating fund = Dana berubah-ubah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Foot note = Catatan kaki</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Forecast balance sheet = Ramalan neraca</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Forecast income statement = Taksiran rugi laba</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Form = Formulir</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Four collumn ccount = Jurnal empat kolom</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fraud = kecurangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Freight in = Ongkos angkut pembelian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Freight on material purchasas = Beban angkut pembelian bahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Freight out = Ongkos angkut penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Funds = Dana</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Funds statement = Laporan sumber dan pengunan dana</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Furniture & fixture = Peralatan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Fusion = Penggabungan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* General Accounting = Aukuntansi Umum</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* General Ledger = Buku besar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* General Journal = Jurnal umum</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* General And Administrative Expense = Biaya umum dan administrasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* General Examination = Pemeriksaan umum</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* General Assigment = Penegasan umum</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Government financial = Keuangan penerintah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Government accunting = Akuntansi pemerintah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Gross loss = Rugi kotor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Gross Profit Laba kotor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Gross Profit Analysist = Analisa laba kotor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Gross provfi metho = Metode laba kotor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Gross Profit on sales = Laba kotor atas penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Gross Working Capital = modal kerja kotor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Group Code = Kode kelompok</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Go Publik Compony = Perusahan yang menjual saham ke masyarakat</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Heating and lighting expense = Biaya pemanasan dan penerangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Hidden Reserves = Cadangan rahasia</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Historical cost Accounting = Harga perolehan historis</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Historical cost = Biaya Historis</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Home office = kantor pusat</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Horizon Analyst = Analisa mendatar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Human Resource Accounting = Akuntansi sumber daya manusia</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Income = laba</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Income After Tax = Laba sesudah pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Income From Joint Venture = Laba usaha patungan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Income From Operation = Laba usaha</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Income Sharing Agreement = Persetujuan penbagian laba</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Income Statement = Laporan rugi laba</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Income Statement Account = Pendekatan laba rugi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Income Summary = iktiar rugi laba</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Incremental cost = Biaya tambahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Independent Auditor Report = Laporan pemeriksaan bebas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Indirect Expense = Biaya tak langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Indirect Departemental Expense = Biaya departemen tak langung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Indirect factory cost = Biaya pabrik tak langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Indirect Labor = Tenaga kerja tak langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Inderect Material = Bahan baku tak langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Indirect Operatiing Expense = Biaya usaha tak langsung</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Individual Priprietorship = perusahan perorangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Inflation = Inflansi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Information = informasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Information System = Sistem informasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Initial Inventory = Persediaan awal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Initial Audit = Pemeriksaan awal/pertama kali</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Input Tax = Pajak masukan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Installation Cost = Biaya instalasi atau pemasangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Installment = Angguran atau cicilan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Installment Contract Receivable = Piutang penjualan cicilan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Installment Method = Metode cicilan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Installment Payable = Hutang cicilan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Installment Term Debt = Utang jangka menengah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Insurance Expense General = Biaya asuransi unum</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Insurance expense selling = Biaya asuransi penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Intagible Asset = Aktiva tak berwujud</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Intangible Fixed Assets = Aktiva tetap tak berwujud</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Intercompany Loans = Pinjaman antar perusahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Interest = Bunga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Interest Baering Note = Wesel berbunga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Interest Expense = Biaya bunga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Interest Factor = Faktor bunga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Interest Income = Pendapatan bunga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Interest ayable = Hutang bunga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Interest Receivable = Piutang bunga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Interim Statement = Laporan sementara</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Internal Audit = Pemeriksan Intern</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Internal Auditor = Pemeriksan internal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Internal Control = Pengawasan internal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Internal Control Questioary = Pertanyaan pengendalian Intern</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Internal Finacing = Pembiayan internal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Inventory = Persediaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Inventory of Material = Persediaan Bahan Mentah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Inventory Trun Over = Perputaran persediaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Inventory Valuation = Penilaian Persediaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Invesment In Fund = Investasi dalam dana</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Invesment In Bond = Investasi dalam obligasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Invesment In Joint Venture = Investasi dalam usaha patungan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Invesment In Land = Investasi dalam bentuk tanah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Invesment In life Insurance = Investasi dalam bentuk asuransi jiwa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Invesment In Stock = Investasi saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Investor = Orang yang menanamkan modal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Invoice = Faktur</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Job order cost = Biaya pesanan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Job order cost sheet = Kartu biaya pesanan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Job order cost system = Sistem biaya pesanan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Job time ticket = Kartu jam kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Joint cost = Biaya gabungan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Joint cost of capital = Biaya penggunan modal bersama</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Joint product = Produksi gabungan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Joint venture = Usaha patungan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Joint venture books = buku-buku usaha patungan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Journal = Buku harian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Journal entry = Ayat-ayat jurnal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Journalizing = menjurnal/ penjurnalan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Judgment sample = Sampel pertimbangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor = Tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor budget = Anggaran tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor cost = biaya tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor cost control = pengendalian biaya tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor cost report = Laporan biaya tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor efficiency ratio = Rasio effiensi tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor efficiency stasndar = Standar effisinsi tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor efficiency Variance = Selisih effiensi upah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor Fringe benefit = Pendapatan yang diterima tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Labor performance report = Laporan pelaksanan kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># labor rate variance = Penyimpangan tarif tenaga kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Land = Tanah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Land right = Hak atas tanah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Last in first out ( LIFO ) = Masuk pertamakeluar pertama</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Lease = Sewa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Lease agreement = Kontrak sewa guna</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Leaseing = Sewa guna</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Ledger = Buku besar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Legal capital = Modal resmi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Lessee = Pihak yang menyewakan guna barang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Lessor = Pihak yang menyewa guna barang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># letter of comments = Surat komentar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Letter of transmettal = Surat penyerangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Liabilities = Kewajiban</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Limited liabilty = Tanggung jawab terbatas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Liquidating deviden = Deviden likiudasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># liquidity = Kemampunan bayar hutang jangka pendek</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Long from report = Laporan akuntansi betuk panjang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Long run proof = Pengecekan jangka panjang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Long term debets = Utang jangka panjang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># long term debet to equity ratio = Rasio utang jangka panjang terhadap modal sendiri</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Long term investment = Investasi jangka panjang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Long term liabilities = Hutang jangka panjang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Loss = rugi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># loss from operation = Rugi usaha</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Loss on realization = Realisasi kerugian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Loss on reduction of inventory = Rugi penurunan nilai persdiaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Loss on repossession = Rugi penarikan kembali</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># loss on sale of invesment = Rugi penjualan investasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Loss on trade in = Rugi pertukaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Loss unit = Unit yang hilang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Lower cost or market = Harga beli atau harga pasar yang lebih rendah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Lumsump purchase = Pembelian secara bulat</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Machine = Mesin</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Maintenance Cost = Biaya pemeliharana</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Maintenance Departement Butget = Anggaran departeman pemeliharan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Maintenance Expense = Biaya pemeliharan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Management Accounting = Akuntansi manjemen</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Management Advisory Service = Pelayanan Konsultasi perusahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Management Audit = Pemeriksaan manajemen</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Management By Exception = Manjemen dengan pengecualian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Manufacturer = Pabrikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Manufacturing Company = Perusahan pabrikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Manufacturing Cost = Biaya pabrikasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Manufacturing Overhead = Overhead pabrik</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Markdown cancellation = Pembatalan penurunan harga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Market Rate = Harga pasar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># market Value = Harga pasar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Market Value At Split Off = Harga jual pada titik pisah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Market Value Of Rights = Harga jual hak beli saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Market Value Of Stock Ex Right = Harga pasar saham tampa hak beli saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Marketable securities = surat berharga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Marketing = Pemasaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Marketing Department = Departemen pemasaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Marketing Expense = Biaya pemasaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Markup Cancellation = Pembatalan kenaikan harga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Matching Cost With revenue = Penetapan pendapatan dan biaya</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material = Bahan baku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material Account = Perkiraan bahan baku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material in Control = pengendalian bahan baku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material in Process = Bahan baku dalam proses</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material ledger = Buku besar bahan baku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material Ledger Card = Kartu bahan baku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material Mix Variance = Selisih komposisi bahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material Price variance = Penyimpangan harga bahan baku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material Usage prince Variance = Sesilsih harga pemakainan bahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material Yield Variance = Selisih hasil bahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Material Requisition = Permintaan bahan baku</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Medical Expense = Biaya pengobatan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Merchandise Inventory = Persediaan barang dagangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Merchandise Inventory Turnover = Perputaran persedian barang dagangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Merchandise Shipment on Consigment = Pengiriman barang konsinyasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Merchandise Company = Perusahan Dagang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Mixed Account = Rekening campuran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Mixed Opinion = Pendapat Campuran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Mortgage Bond = Obligasi Hipotik</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Mortgage Payable = Hutang hipotik</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Moving Average = Rata rata bergerak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* National Association of Accounting = Asosiasi akuntan nasional</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Natural Bussiness year = Tahun bisnis alami</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Negative Assurance = Jaminan negatif</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Asset = Aktifa bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net earning =Pendapatan bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Income = Keuntungan bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Income After Tax = Keuntungan bersih setelah pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Loss = Kerugian bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Profit = Laba bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Purchase = Pembelian bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Realizable Value Nilai bersih yang dapat direalisasikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Sales = Penjualan bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Net Worth = Kekayan bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Nominal Accounts = Perkiraan nominal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Nominal Value = Nilai nominal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Normal Balance= istilah = Saldo normal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Not Sufficient Fund = Dana tidak mencukupi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Note Payable = Wesel bayar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Note Receivable = Wesel tagih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Note of Financial Statement = Catatan atas laporan keuangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Notice of Employment = Surat perjanjian kerja.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Observation of Inventory = Pengamatan persediaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Observation Of Inventory Taking = Pengamatan perhitungan persediaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Occupancy Cost = Biaya pendiaman atau penetapan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Office Equipment = Peralatan kantor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Office Salaries Expense = Biaya gaji bagian kantor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Office Supplies = perlengkapan kantor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Office Supplies Expense = Biaya perlengkapan kantor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* One Time Voucher procedure = Prosedur pembuatan voucher sekaligus</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* One Write System = Sistem sekali tulis</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Open Item Statement = surat pernyatan elemen-elemen terbuka</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Operating Assets = Akifa atau modal oprasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Operating Expense = Biaya usaha</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Operating Sales Budget = Anggaran operasional penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Operating Transaction = Transaksi operasional</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Opinion = Pendapat</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Opportunity Cost = Biaya kesempataan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Ordering Cost = Biaya Pesanan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Ordinary Repair = Reperasi luar biasa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Organization Chart = Stuktur Ogranisasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Other General Expense = Biaya umum lainya</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Other Longterm Liabilities = Hutang jangka panjang lainnya</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Out Of Pocket Cost = Biaya kantong sendiri</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Out Tax = Pajak keluaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Outlay = Pengeluaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Outstanding check = Cek beredar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Out standing Stock = Saham yang beredar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Over Time = Lembur</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Over All Cost Of Capital = Biaya penggunan modal Rata-rata</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Over Applied Factory Overhead = Kelebihan aplikasi overhead pabrik</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Over draft = Kelebihan penarikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Over Stated = Terlalu tinggi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Owners Equity = Modal pemilik</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Onnership Right = Hak pemilik perusahan.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Partner in Charge = Partner utama</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Partnership =Persekutuan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Payable = Hutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Payable to Defaulting Sub souder = Hutang kepada pemesanan saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Payment = pembayaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Percentage Depletion = Deplesi persentase</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Perferred St0ck holder = Pemegang saham istimewa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Performence Report = Laporan pelaksanaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Premium =Agio</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Premium of Prepered Stock = agio Saham preferen</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Premium on Bonds Payable = Agio olbigasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Premium on stock = Agoi saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Prepaid Advertising = Iklan dibayar dimuka</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Prepaid expense = Biaya dibayar dimuka</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Prepaid Insurance = Asuransi dibayar dimuka</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># prepaid Transportation = Transportation sewa dibayar dimuka</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Prepayment = pembayaran dimuka</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Price Index = Indek harga</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Primary working capital = Modal kerja perimer</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Process Cost = Biaya proses</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Profssional Fess = pendapatan profesional</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Profit = laba</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Proforma = Proyeksi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Progress Billing to Costomer = harga kontrak yang difakturkan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Property = Kekayan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Property Tax = Pajak keayaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Purchase = pembelian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Purchase Discount = Potongan pembelian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Purchase Invoice = Faktur pembelian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Purchase journal = Buku harian pembelian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Purchase Method = Metode pembelian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Purchase order =Pesanan pembelian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Purchase Requistion = Permintaan pembelian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Qualified Opinion = Pendapat wajar tanpa syarat</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Quick Ratio = Ratio aktiva tunai</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* R & D Cost = Biaya riset dan pengembangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Rate of Return = Tingkat pengembalian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Rate of Return on Net Worth = Rentabilitas modal sendiri</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Ratio Analysist = analsa ratio</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Ratio of Plant Asset to Long term Liability = Perbandingan harga tetap dengan hutang jangka panjang.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Raw Material = Bahan mentah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Raw Material Investory = Persedianan bahan mentah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Raw Material Price Variance = Penyimpangan harga bahan mentah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Realized Gross profit On Installment Sales = Realiasai laba kotor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Re Arrangement = penyusunan kembali</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Receivable = Piutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Receivable Collection Budget =Budget pengumpulan piutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Receivable Trun Over = Perputaran piutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Receivable Write Off = Penghapusan piutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Receiving Account = Laporan penerimaan barang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Reciprocal Account = Perkiraan berlawanan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Recovable From Insurance Companies = Piutang kepada asuransi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Redemption of bound = Penghentian obligasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Redemption value = Nilai penarikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Refference = Petunjuk</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Registered Bonds = Daftar obligasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Related Partty transaction = Transaksi dengan pihak yang mempunyai hubungan yang istimewa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sefety Stock = Persediaan bersih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Safe Harbor Rule = Aturan perlindungan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Saleries Allowance = Tunjangan gaji</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Salary Expense = Beban gaji</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sale On Account = Penjualan kredit</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales = Penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales Budget = Anggran penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales Discount = Potongan penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales Invoice = Faktur penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales Journal = Buku harian penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales Mix Variance = Selesih komposisi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales order = Order penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales Return = Retur penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales Salaries Expense = Biaya gaji bagian penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sale Salaries Payable = Hutang gaji bagian penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sales Tax = Pajak penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Salvage value = Nilai sisa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sample Risk = Resiko penarikan contoh</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Schedule Of Account Payable = Daftar hutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Schedule Of Account Receivable = Daftar piutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Schedule Of Factory overhead = Daftar overhead pabrik</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Scrap Value = Nilai barang sisa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Seasonal Working Capital = Modal kerja musiman</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Secured Bond = Obligasi yang dijamin</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Selling Expense = Biaya penjualan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Semifixed Cost = Biaya semi tetap</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Separable Cost = Biaya tambahan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Separation Report = Laporan pemberhentian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Service Firm = Perusahan Jasa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Set Up Cost = Biaya Pesanan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Share holder = Pemegang saham</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Shipment On Installment sales = Pengiriman barang cicilan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Short Form Report = Laporan akuntansi bentuk pendek</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Shut Down Point = Titik penutupan usaha</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Significant = Penting cukup berarti</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Simple Average Of Cost = Metode rata-rata sederhana</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Single Bookkeeping = Tata buku tunggal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Single entery System = Sistem Pembukuan tunggal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Single step = Langkah tunggal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sinking Fund = Dana pelunasan / dana pembayaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Slush Fund = Dana taktis</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Social Benefit = Manfaat sosial</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sole Proprietorship = Persahan perseorangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Sound Value = Nilai sehat</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># T Account = Perkiraan bentuk T</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tangible Asset = Harta berwujud</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tangible Fixed Asset = Aktiva tetap berwujud</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tax Acoounting = Akuntansi perpajakan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tax Deduction = Pengurangan Pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tax Invoice = Faktur pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tax Return Statement = Surat pemberitahuan pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Taxable Firm = Pengusaha kena pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Taxable Income = Pendapatan kena pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Taxes Expense = Biaya pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Taxes Holiday = Pembebasan pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Taxes payable = Hutang pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Taxes Rate = Tarif pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Taxes Return = Pajak yang dikembalikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Temporary Investment = Investasi sementara</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Temporary Proprietorship = Perkiraan pemilikan sementara</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tender Offer = Penawaran dagang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Term Compliance = UJi ketaatan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># The old & New Balance Proof = Pengecekan saldo awal dan akhir</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Theoritical Capacity = Kapasitas secara teoritis</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Three Variance Method = Metode tiga penyimpangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tickmarks = Tanda pemeriksaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Time Value of Money = Nilai waktu dari pada uang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Timing Diffrence = Perbedaan waktu</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># To Compare = Membandingkan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># To Trace = Menelusuri</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Total Asset Turn Over = Perputaran total harta</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Total Asset To Debts Ratio = Ratio aktifa terhadap utang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Tracks = Taksiran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Trade Discounts = Potongan perdagangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Trande In = Tukar tambah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Trade Mark = Merk Dagang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Traveling Expense = Biaya perjalan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Treasurer = Pejabat keuangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Treasury Bill = Surat hutang jangka panjang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Treasury Departement = Departemen keuangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Trent Analyst = Analysa pengembangan dari waktu ke waktu</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Trial Balance = Neraca saldo</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Trouble Debt Restructuring = Penataan kembali utang yang macet</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Trust Fund = Dana perwakilan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Turn Over = Perputaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Two bin System = Sistem dua bin</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Two collumn Account = Perkiraan dua kolom</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Two collumn Journal = Dua kolom jurnal</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Two Variance Method = Metode dua penyimpangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unadjusted Trial Balance : Neraca percobaan yang belum disesuaikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unearned Income : Sewa diterima dimuka</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Uncertainties : Ketidak pastian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Uncollectible Account : Beban penghapusan puitang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Uncollectible Account Receivable : Beban penghapusan piutang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Under Applied Overhead : Overhead yang dibebankan terlalu rendah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unearned Revenue : Pendapatan diterima dimuka</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unemployment Tax : Pajak pengurangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unexpired : Belum kadaluwarsa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unfavorable Variance : Selisih merugikan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Uniformity : Keseragaman</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unissued Capital stock : Modal saham yang belum beredar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unit Cost : Harga perunit</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unit Equivalent : Unit setara</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unit Of Output Depreciation : Penyusutan dengan jumlah unut keluaran</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unit Product Cost : Biaya unit produksi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unit Profit Graph : Grafik laba perunit</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unit Still In Process : Unit dalam Proses</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unlimited Liabilities : Kewajiban tak terbatas</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unqualied Opinion : Pendapatan Wajar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Unvoidable Cost : Biaya yang terhindarkan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Useful Life : Masa Pengunaan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Valuation Account : Perkiraan pernilaian</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Value : Nilai</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Value Added : Nilai tambah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Value Added Tax : Pajak Pertambahan Nilai</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Value In Use : Nilai pengurangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Variable Cost : Biaya variabel</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Variable Cost Ratio : Rasio biaya Variabel</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Variable Efficiency Variance : Penyimpangan effisiensi biaya variabel</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Variance Analysist : Analisa selisih</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Variance Analysist Report : Laporan analisa penyimpangan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Verability : Daya uji</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Vertical Analysist : Analisa Vertical</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Volume Variance : Penyimpangan dalam isi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Vouching : Biaya upah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Voucher Register : Pemeriksaan dokumen dasar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Voucher : Dokumen</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"># Voluntary Contribution : Simpanan sukarela</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Working Capital : Modal kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Working In Process : Barang dalam proses</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Working In Process Inventory : Persediaan barang dalam proses</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Wages Expense : Pemeriksaan dokumen dasar</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Wages Rate : Biaya upah</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Wages And Taxes Statement : Laporan upah dan pajak</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Working Paper For Consolidated Balance Sheet : Neraca lajur untuk neraca konsolidasi</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Weighted Average : Metode rata-rata terimbang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Weighted Average Method : Metode rata-rata terimbang</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* working sheet : Neraca Lajur</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Working Paper : Kertas kerja</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Write Off : Dihapuskan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Write Off Method : Metode penghapusan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Yield = Metode penghapusan</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Yield Variance = Penyimpangan hasil</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">* Zero Base Budgeting = Penganggaran atas dasar nol</span></li>
</ul><br />
<div style="clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6em;"></div></div><div class="post-footer" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: url(https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOgmS0-kK1Fy0zc-6f0c00I8O5kxOxCM2gHf9FMZFW11ah8jDvpp5CP74It3ws7EO2G2CJClk-LygFykivE-OLqn0dkd1fOaXh3v2J-rIXd-ql0XkKPOjt0MXXpJr-F2wDUC5I4RIVUIQ/s1600/post-footer.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 90%/1.4em Arial, Trebuchet, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: -15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 540px;"></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-63192350224508505762011-09-16T07:17:00.001-07:002011-11-11T05:54:14.479-08:00QIN SHI HUANG KEAJAIBAN MAKAM KAISAR PERTAMA CINA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="postmeta-primary" style="color: #b2b0b0; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="meta_comments" style="background-image: url("http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_0oF63rRT4XI/TdSfD_CL-BI/AAAAAAAAAmc/qxtxJA9ZCTw/s000/meta-separator.png"); background-position: 0% 50%; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; padding: 3px 0px 3px 10px;"></span></div><div class="post-body entry-content" style="line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="post-header"></div><div class="post-header"></div><div class="post-body entry-content" style="line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJX65M0C31SHgf69efwlEzkttWV5uVD1cXzKke14tv8DpaDmvbxrGl_b-Np2mRdaDxSJtxgwiJnivtXLtc9SiRKdZnnGSIAA5_4A0qmjSDcoIDtx6OKHENpjJ3VcEhvUbluKcUTn065PE/s1600/69539182.jpg" style="color: #232732; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409881131960492466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJX65M0C31SHgf69efwlEzkttWV5uVD1cXzKke14tv8DpaDmvbxrGl_b-Np2mRdaDxSJtxgwiJnivtXLtc9SiRKdZnnGSIAA5_4A0qmjSDcoIDtx6OKHENpjJ3VcEhvUbluKcUTn065PE/s400/69539182.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 265px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0pt; max-width: 99%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 400px;" /></span></a><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span">Makam kaisar Tiongkok, Qin Shi Huang, disebut-sebut sebagai salah satu penemuan arkeologi terbesar abad ke-20. Sejarah mencatat, Qin Shi Huang merupakan kaisar pertama Dinasti Qin yang memimpin Tiongkok diantara periode 221 SM – 210 SM. Salah satu karya monumentalnya selain penyempurnaan konstruksi bangunan Tembok Besar China ialah pembangunan makam agungnya sendiri. Berbeda dengan Fir’aun Mesir Kuno, Cheops (Khufu) yang memilih untuk membangun sebuah Piramida Agung di Giza sebagai tempat peristirahatan terakhirnya, Kaisar Qin Shi Huang lebih memilih menjadikan makamnya bak sebuah Istana dengan penjagaan ribuan patung prajuritnya.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span">Makam sang kaisar memang begitu mempesona. Terdapat kurang lebih 8000 patung yang menggambarkan sosok para prajurit beserta kuda-kuda perang berdiri berjejer disepanjang makam. Yang lebih menarik lagi, semua patung-patung tersebut tidaklah sama antara satu dengan yang lainnya baik itu bentuk pakaian, mimik wajah, model rambut, hingga persenjataan yang mereka bawa. Selain itu, mereka juga dibedakan oleh pangkat kemiliterannya seperti Jendral, perwira, hingga para prajurit biasa. Patung prajurit yang memiliki ukuran tubuh paling tinggi ialah yang berpangkat jendral.</span></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="fullpost" style="display: inline;"><br />
Patung-patung yang disebut sebagai Prajurit Terracotta ini keselururuhan terbuat dari tanah liat yang dibentuk didalam cetakan. Tingginya pun bervariasi antara 183 – 195 cm. Untuk bagian kepala, dibuat secara terpisah dari bagian badan agar memiliki bentuk dan mimik wajah yang berbeda satu sama lain. Sementara bagian-bagian wajah seperti bibir, mata, dan telinga ditambahkan secara manual dan bentuknya disempurnakan oleh polesan tangan si pematung. Patung yang telah jadi kemudian dibakar agar dihasilkan konstruksi yang lebih keras dan kokoh. Untuk tahap akhir, dilakukan pengecatan walaupun kebanyakan patung kini catnya telah memudar.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1u4al0Q8cqXDaLMs42Nv7RQolyXPs5jaItRBSO4HRzrWOo771xU8hFd6MBXZUedTmOunGgu6rvb3DasiTlq_ROG-gQvSvTWt5eNcDy9ezrvYP7Mt55SgouYqmX-SM8qr6PQ-XeCoGfWw/s1600/99367261.jpg" style="color: #232732; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409881145995806482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1u4al0Q8cqXDaLMs42Nv7RQolyXPs5jaItRBSO4HRzrWOo771xU8hFd6MBXZUedTmOunGgu6rvb3DasiTlq_ROG-gQvSvTWt5eNcDy9ezrvYP7Mt55SgouYqmX-SM8qr6PQ-XeCoGfWw/s400/99367261.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 300px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0pt; max-width: 99%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
Sejak ditemukan oleh beberapa petani lokal diwilayah Xi’an, Propinsi Shaanxi, China ditahun 1974 silam, hingga kini masih terus dilakukan penggalian di sana. Para Arkelog memperkirakan masih banyak patung dan artifak-artifak lainnya yang masih terpendam. Mereka juga belum dapat memastikan berapa jumlah angka-angka penemuan ini akan terus bertambah. Kalkulasi terbaru menyebutkan, terdapat lebih dari 8000 patung prajurit, 130 kereta perang beserta 520 kudanya, serta 150 pasukan berkuda yang terdapat di tiga terowongan utama makam. Sungguh merupakan pemandangan yang menakjubkan mengingat baru satu persen dari keseluruhan bagian makam yang telah digali!<br />
<br />
Tidak semua harta benda dan perhiasan sang kaisar telah ditemukan. Konon, masih banyak harta benda berharga Kaisar Qin Shi Huang yang tersimpan disuatu bagian makam, dimana ditempat itu terpasang perangkap-perangkap yang dapat menembakkan anak panah secara otomatis kepada siapapun yang berani mengusiknya. Bahkan diyakini para pekerja yang memasang perangkap-perangkap tersebut turut dikuburkan hidup-hidup agar kerahasiannya tetap terjaga. Terdengar cukup menakutkan, bukan?<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYy9NVTl1qt9dMSNL6N29LrY4esSSyRypygxBJPSC3-5ADQTNwwBr4VAMJDvzS0d9MeIS6jFgbRBWvts1dKXLU94MjbE-Fde8RXo5dsQKE582Us-XAgh4hHpeVXHNXeqlotBBFGln_tKw/s1600/84248424.jpg" style="color: #232732; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409881140211982562" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYy9NVTl1qt9dMSNL6N29LrY4esSSyRypygxBJPSC3-5ADQTNwwBr4VAMJDvzS0d9MeIS6jFgbRBWvts1dKXLU94MjbE-Fde8RXo5dsQKE582Us-XAgh4hHpeVXHNXeqlotBBFGln_tKw/s400/84248424.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 266px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0pt; max-width: 99%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
Menurut sejarawan Sima Qian (145 – 90 SM), pembangunan makam agung kaisar Qin Shi Huang dimulai disekitar 246 SM – disaat usia sang Kaisar baru menginjak 13 tahun – dengan memperkerjakan kurang lebih 700.000 pekerja. Namun apa tujuan Kaisar Qin Shi Huang membangun semua ini?<br />
<br />
Faktanya, makam ini didirikan sebagai gambaran akan sebuah istana bawah tanah yang begitu besar dan mewah. Bahkan dikatakan ia adalah istana bawah tanah dengan struktur paling rumit dalam kemegahan dan fasilitasnya. Tiruan sungai yang terbuat dari air raksa serta langit-langit dengan hiasaan mutiara turut mempercantik istana. Kepercayaan di lingkungan kerajaan menyebutkan bahwa Kaisar Qin Shi Huang akan terus memimpin kerajaan dikehidupan berikutnya (alam baka/akhirat). Untuk itu ia membutuhkan sebuah istana sebagai pusat kerajaan, lengkap beserta para bala tentaranya dan pegawai-pegawai pemerintahan<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcpfyKqIXu9YcV1eecLam0Xfgu6yN0fvDUJIiAZtEbaKeZwqWFwhcBN7ooKi-pSaBhqvQLKG0WyjKHjM_OLNBQwDvA4ks5Vr1T7Pi_pCVCLxVT-vTfVVqZYYwJhzEtOUpOviCkzaweHbw/s1600/64881407.jpg" style="color: #232732; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409880450876644290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcpfyKqIXu9YcV1eecLam0Xfgu6yN0fvDUJIiAZtEbaKeZwqWFwhcBN7ooKi-pSaBhqvQLKG0WyjKHjM_OLNBQwDvA4ks5Vr1T7Pi_pCVCLxVT-vTfVVqZYYwJhzEtOUpOviCkzaweHbw/s400/64881407.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 254px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0pt; max-width: 99%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTURqPxu7a7O4Y6pSoCcPEqFYbqsm5Qsbj6EiPGHjh68cqA0djS8rH6F0HaYW-aCfkSKb7GChDgW7iQ6IYUTzxDiV6LDgYeGrs161lj4WpTGzHxSj0divCi0YLMnWpdoRX2wrmAmsobTY/s1600/54436156.jpg" style="color: #232732; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409880443607299682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTURqPxu7a7O4Y6pSoCcPEqFYbqsm5Qsbj6EiPGHjh68cqA0djS8rH6F0HaYW-aCfkSKb7GChDgW7iQ6IYUTzxDiV6LDgYeGrs161lj4WpTGzHxSj0divCi0YLMnWpdoRX2wrmAmsobTY/s400/54436156.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 300px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0pt; max-width: 99%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6rCzSG7ZKhKnrQcwOPoz8MlLfn5iTuaMMcYJ8xUchWWFR0tuITV23HKA_KN2xyYqr3Hcb7n-hJHf8LAxT5CpOq-_3GMqNsTnBkQz57HDrrvTNxzbLyW0vR4B6tOpRMf7GS8R68npopBg/s1600/44408281.jpg" style="color: #232732; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409880440143824786" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6rCzSG7ZKhKnrQcwOPoz8MlLfn5iTuaMMcYJ8xUchWWFR0tuITV23HKA_KN2xyYqr3Hcb7n-hJHf8LAxT5CpOq-_3GMqNsTnBkQz57HDrrvTNxzbLyW0vR4B6tOpRMf7GS8R68npopBg/s400/44408281.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 322px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0pt; max-width: 99%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQcpuQefXk-ZgHTdEt_M5K69_Ne5J9ip4gtTD1PKD2tGf6flHvGE3VQBbwa1zXea-BMHrXgydH6pgVIJzlzFUke9tVwQ76sFhLkwZVB4roEnoRnNwaHZfugzAvNKSI6FtD4m1PcM43AY4/s1600/44120933.jpg" style="color: #1bbbe2; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409880431612497122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQcpuQefXk-ZgHTdEt_M5K69_Ne5J9ip4gtTD1PKD2tGf6flHvGE3VQBbwa1zXea-BMHrXgydH6pgVIJzlzFUke9tVwQ76sFhLkwZVB4roEnoRnNwaHZfugzAvNKSI6FtD4m1PcM43AY4/s400/44120933.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 267px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0pt; max-width: 99%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMTY8E7uQ1g2F82MQEUirNFHg2W1_uq9F7g5W9XTatbry-ZH2Q9JEWib7Dry6t_uH9MIr3B250o6pFQGFz__wkQw8KvaaQ3Sk5WwaPWlA7qLokNVdH7fgzFShtSQSNSyjEQoet-eRj6Vk/s1600/39695439.jpg" style="color: #232732; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409880426475425826" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMTY8E7uQ1g2F82MQEUirNFHg2W1_uq9F7g5W9XTatbry-ZH2Q9JEWib7Dry6t_uH9MIr3B250o6pFQGFz__wkQw8KvaaQ3Sk5WwaPWlA7qLokNVdH7fgzFShtSQSNSyjEQoet-eRj6Vk/s400/39695439.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 230); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 225px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0pt; max-width: 99%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 300px;" /></a></span></div></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br />
</span></div><div class="postmeta-secondary" style="color: #b2b0b0; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; padding: 0px 0px 15px;"><span class="meta_categories" style="padding: 3px 0px;">Posted in:</span></div><div><span class="meta_categories" style="padding: 3px 0px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"></div></div><div class="post-footer" style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;"><div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-"></div><div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-2"><span class="reaction-buttons"></span></div></div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-9728792624625395042011-09-16T07:15:00.000-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.147-08:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 30px;">7 keajaiban dunia kuno Bung !</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #441500;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #441500;">1<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">. Colossus Rodos</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #441500; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<div class="post-header" style="line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="post-header-line-1"></div></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4349129300630335991" style="line-height: 1.5; position: relative; width: 518px;"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Colossus Rodos adalah patung Helios, yang terletak di pulau Rodos, Yunani, dibuat oleh Chares dari Lindos antara 292 dan 280 SM. Patung ini dianggap sebagai 7 keajaiban dunia kuno. Sebelum kehancurannya, patung ini berdiri lebih dari 30 meter, membuatnya sebagai patung tertinggi dalam dunia kuna. Colossus Rodos memiliki tinggi yang hampir sama dengan Patung Liberty.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH957YPYS1dMlh5b8IUu46ikn7fcdV2NAnVxoyDKQNuKRDhrYbbhZoIDEhBq4sg5r66Ir3salkEAxWpAE71GDzNdoMNspsgKWpMPwLwtjHVTXwg5FC7uUKBrfOoCr2hcgw2g644In_8JQ/s1600/2dw5m9v.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH957YPYS1dMlh5b8IUu46ikn7fcdV2NAnVxoyDKQNuKRDhrYbbhZoIDEhBq4sg5r66Ir3salkEAxWpAE71GDzNdoMNspsgKWpMPwLwtjHVTXwg5FC7uUKBrfOoCr2hcgw2g644In_8JQ/s320/2dw5m9v.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;" width="203" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong>2. Taman Gantung Babilonia</strong><br />
Taman Gantung Babilonia adalah salah satu di antara tujuh keajaiban dunia kuno. Taman ini dibangun oleh Nebukadnezar II sekitar tahun 600 SM sebagai hadiah untuk istrinya, Amyitis. Lokasi taman ini sekarang berada di negara Irak.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiquuj8hREaXDY7JJzg212vtx9oWTiEDhZFBTLuAxYmyxyqCUi-2qnVdickfUtvByu5UJvgstpwmSIZOwQmt-h5sqaXf8U9QmNwyvBmP7FcwMNCXENvfnlUqH7SrkFz0r0r5Cv5DlhbLuA/s1600/1463uw.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiquuj8hREaXDY7JJzg212vtx9oWTiEDhZFBTLuAxYmyxyqCUi-2qnVdickfUtvByu5UJvgstpwmSIZOwQmt-h5sqaXf8U9QmNwyvBmP7FcwMNCXENvfnlUqH7SrkFz0r0r5Cv5DlhbLuA/s320/1463uw.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong>3. Mausoleum Maussollos</strong><br />
Mausoleum Maussollos atau Mausoleum Halicarnassus, adalah makam yang dibangun antara 353 dan 350 SM di Halicarnassus (Bodrum, Turki kini) untuk Mausolus, satrap kekaisaran Persia dan Artemisia II dari Caria, istrinya. Struktur ini didesain oleh arsitek Yunani, Satyrus dan Pythius.[1][2] Mausoleum ini memiliki tinggi sekitar 45 meter.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRrVl3wvyJTnFGS4ywaNqTBpn5I2MjZ0rOS4VPszhE2gxGjrdyhOk9i6jEEFtYmrLjsYczwhHCXhh8v4gd_gpS6T11GfZqdRmUN-7C4cqPwikXrdUsBe5OiwGOrd68HXayR0vrpAiIjgk/s1600/nmz5hc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRrVl3wvyJTnFGS4ywaNqTBpn5I2MjZ0rOS4VPszhE2gxGjrdyhOk9i6jEEFtYmrLjsYczwhHCXhh8v4gd_gpS6T11GfZqdRmUN-7C4cqPwikXrdUsBe5OiwGOrd68HXayR0vrpAiIjgk/s320/nmz5hc.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong>4. Mercusuar Iskandariah</strong><br />
Mercusuar Iskandariah atau Pharos Alexandria (dari bahasa Yunani o Φάρος της Αλεξάνδρειας) adalah sebuah mercusuar yang dibangun pada abad ke-3 SM di pulau Pharos berdekatan dengan kota Iskandariah kuna, Mesir Kuno. Ketinggiannya diperkirakan melebihi 115 meter dan merupakan antara struktur tertinggi ciptaan manusia selama beratus-ratus tahun. Antipater dari Sidon telah menyenaraikannya dalam senarai Tujuh Keajaiban Dunianya.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfQ9CM7Ae6qvqNV64M7puUYeu1DQw2bUgpA415Hfeo_QsCinWAqMgMSwsBun2kZqsQDOD1s-7MJYDaqQmsB5xGBBA_211hwAyMy2l7MnBa_buXVklZeHKQZNrvbFn90xxBt9wZW4-C5Yw/s1600/eb4euh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfQ9CM7Ae6qvqNV64M7puUYeu1DQw2bUgpA415Hfeo_QsCinWAqMgMSwsBun2kZqsQDOD1s-7MJYDaqQmsB5xGBBA_211hwAyMy2l7MnBa_buXVklZeHKQZNrvbFn90xxBt9wZW4-C5Yw/s1600/eb4euh.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<strong></strong><strong></strong><br />
<strong></strong><strong>5. Piramida Agung Giza</strong><br />
Piramida Agung Giza adalah piramida tertua dan terbesar dari tiga piramida yang ada di Nekropolis Giza dan merupakan satu-satunya bangunan yang masih menjadi bagian dari Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia. Dipercaya bahwa piramida ini dibangun sebagai makam untuk firaun dinasti keempat Mesir, Khufu (Χεωψ, Cheops) dan dibangun selama lebih dari 20 tahun dan diperkirakan berlangsung pada sekitar tahun 2560 SM.[1] . Piramida ini terkadang disebut sebagai Piramida Khufu<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3wF1n-zetTgaCZWHFfEF3MH8ylBvMzN1ou65n-vAShtO6vIE_J78SuecSP1Qaes7p56wMy5GRJwYMbKvvbJDuIDmg1RUZnhGOjjqM2e6GtmnXMYP_gtALG3xxJOxDk-Lh2PyXYIJREH8/s1600/28me7uh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3wF1n-zetTgaCZWHFfEF3MH8ylBvMzN1ou65n-vAShtO6vIE_J78SuecSP1Qaes7p56wMy5GRJwYMbKvvbJDuIDmg1RUZnhGOjjqM2e6GtmnXMYP_gtALG3xxJOxDk-Lh2PyXYIJREH8/s320/28me7uh.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<strong>6. Patung Zeus</strong><br />
Patung Zeus di Olympia adalah salah satu dari Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Kuno. Patung ini dibuat oleh skulptor terkenal, Phidias (abad ke-5 SM) kira-kira tahun 432 SM di Olympia, Yunani. Patung yang terduduk, yang memiliki tinggi sekitar 12 meter, mengisi seluruh Kuil Zeus yang dibangun sebagai rumah patung ini. Penyebab kehancuran patung ini hingga kini masih diperdebatkan.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF-DeBdJX6fsh2L_J-PtqoasRZT4w0kNfi7n0qcJMOK5hkyq5JlYE4YyvY325xy1wF4sEMADM2S8HP7Dt7Xi9JlT2fDIUVsepiX5xS5TU0eFnPG08QqGLD_E0XkcHE53Fxbbf3qKTo3V4/s1600/slivsh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF-DeBdJX6fsh2L_J-PtqoasRZT4w0kNfi7n0qcJMOK5hkyq5JlYE4YyvY325xy1wF4sEMADM2S8HP7Dt7Xi9JlT2fDIUVsepiX5xS5TU0eFnPG08QqGLD_E0XkcHE53Fxbbf3qKTo3V4/s320/slivsh.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<strong>7. Kuil Artemis</strong><br />
Kuil Artemis adalah kuil Yunani yang didirikan untuk Artemis, sekitar 550 SM di Efesus dibawah dinasti Achaemenid dari kekaisaran Persia. Kuil ini merupakan salah satu dari tujuh keajaiban dunia kuno. Kini, kuil ini telah hancur.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_FxBXK-5ZeC6INXkViGRHp4Mm71mOxqmmNJqQDgX3QF_WsCuidLzgUGpRneITCpTZ6BZtjUkCgxSHDX2SSxFZ74NE_NibPvy3iVtFYNdqFNMA4HXdMHjQtBZ4Yb-IfwZaEnEFuEMXYPI/s1600/ng60p5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_FxBXK-5ZeC6INXkViGRHp4Mm71mOxqmmNJqQDgX3QF_WsCuidLzgUGpRneITCpTZ6BZtjUkCgxSHDX2SSxFZ74NE_NibPvy3iVtFYNdqFNMA4HXdMHjQtBZ4Yb-IfwZaEnEFuEMXYPI/s320/ng60p5.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.496094) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div></span></div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-53841713637350271152011-09-16T07:07:00.000-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.146-08:00ROMAN EMPIRE<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #405351; line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b></b></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBCYiYY_i907UPXZp-VUZKXOMsWQKV5QBNlMttoxqXTC9q5_TqAH5F4F_J56p_cXV3nmPzwdXmXQvh7UzYTrKQXrvl1iclz3AHCvXTFWJGLadGlScGirSJiHVO5D57c0wukkQ2oGkGEs20/s1600/tentara1.jpg.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #ff5990; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBCYiYY_i907UPXZp-VUZKXOMsWQKV5QBNlMttoxqXTC9q5_TqAH5F4F_J56p_cXV3nmPzwdXmXQvh7UzYTrKQXrvl1iclz3AHCvXTFWJGLadGlScGirSJiHVO5D57c0wukkQ2oGkGEs20/s320/tentara1.jpg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="outline-color: initial; outline-width: initial;"><a href="http://tafakursyukur.blogspot.com/2011/04/sejarah-peperangan-dahsyat-bangsa.html" name="more" style="color: #d5074b; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"></a></span><span style="color: black;">Sejarah kejayaan Islam tak lepas dari amalan jihad yang diperani oleh para pendahulu umat ini. Jihad memiliki kedudukan mulia di dalam Islam. Tentunya, diatas ketentuan yang telah digariskan Allah dan Rasul-Nya . Bukan aksi teror yang muncul dari semangat tanpa ilmu. Tulisan berikut ini adalah memaparkan gambaran <i>jihad fii sabilillaah</i> di masa Khalifah Abu Bakr Ash-Shiddiq .</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Seusai memulihkan kondisi jazirah ’Arab, dengan memerangi kaum murtad dan orang-orang yang menolak membayar zakat, Abu Bakr berusaha keras memobilisasi pasukan Islam dalam upaya menaklukkan negeri Syam yang termasuk daerah teritorial kerajaan Romawi.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span id="more-272"></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Keadaan Romawi sebelum Peperangan</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Ketika pasukan Islam bergerak menuju Syam, tentara Romawi merasa terkejut dan sangat takut. Dengan serta-merta mereka mengirimkan surat yang memberitahukan akan hal tersebut kepada Heraklius, raja Romawi yang berada di Himsh (sekarang dikenal dengan Homs –red). Dia pun melayangkan surat balasan yang berbunyi, ”Celaka kalian! Sesungguhnya mereka adalah pemeluk agama baru. Tidak ada yang bisa mengalahkan mereka. Patuhilah aku, dan berdamailah dengan menyerahkan setengah penghasilan bumi Syam! Bukankah kalian masih memiliki pegunungan Romawi?! Jika kalian tidak mematuhi perintahku, niscaya mereka akan merampas negeri Syam dan akan memojokkan kalian hingga terjepit di pegunungan Romawi.”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Tatkala telah mendapatkan surat balasan seperti ini, mereka (tentara Romawi) tidak mau menerima saran tersebut. Akhirnya, mau tidak mau Raja Heraklius mengirim pasukan dalam jumlah yang besar. Pasukan Romawi mulai bergerak, dan berhenti di lembah Al-Waqusah, di samping sungai Yarmuk yang berdataran rendah dan memiliki banyak jurang.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Kedatangan Khalid bin Al-Walid dari ‘Iraq</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Pasukan Islam yang berada di Syam segera meminta bantuan. Maka Abu Bakr Ash-Shiddiq memerintahkan Khalid bin Al-Walid agar menarik diri dari ’Iraq untuk kemudian menuju Syam bersama bala tentaranya. Dengan segera Khalid menunjuk Al-Mutsanna bin Haritsah v sebagai penggantinya di ’Iraq. Kemudian beliau bergerak cepat dengan membawa 9.500 personel pasukan menuju Syam. Mereka melalui jalan-jalan yang tidak pernah dilalui seorang pun sebelumnya, dengan menyeberangi padang pasir, mendaki gunung, serta melewati lembah-lembah yang sangat gersang.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Persiapan Pasukan Islam</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Abu Sufyan mengusulkan, layaknya ahli strategi perang, agar pasukan dibagi menjadi tiga formasi. Sepertiga bersiap-siap di depan pasukan Romawi, sepertiga lainnya yang terdiri dari bagian perbekalan dan para wanita agar berjalan, dan sepertiga yang tersisa dipimpin oleh Khalid di posisi belakang. Jika musuh telah mencapai perkemahan wanita dan perbekalan, Khalid akan berpindah ke depan kaum wanita, sehingga mereka dapat menyelamatkan diri di belakang pasukan Khalid bin Al-Walid .</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Maka mereka pun segera merealisasikan usulan itu. Pasukan Islam mulai berkumpul dan berhadapan dengan musuh pada awal bulan Jumadil Akhir tahun 13 H.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Strategi Pasukan Islam</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Pasukan Islam kala itu jumlahnya berkisar antara 36 ribu sampai dengan 40 ribu personel tentara. Didalamnya terdapat seribu orang shahabat Nabi . Seratus orang dari mereka adalah para veteran perang Badar. Abu ’Ubaidah ibnul Jarrah (namanya Hanzholah bin Ath-Thufail) memimpin posisi tengah pasukan. ’Amru bin Al-’Ash dan Syarahbil bin Hasanah memimpin sayap kanan pasukan. Sedangkan pemimpin sayap kiri pasukan adalah Yazid bin Abi Sufyan (dia dikenal dengan sebutan Yazid Al-Khoir).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Khalid membawa kudanya ke arah Abu ’Ubaidah dan berkata, ”Aku akan memberikan usul.” Abu ’Ubaidah menjawab, ”Katakanlah, aku akan mendengar dan mematuhinya.” Khalid kembali berkata, ”Musuh pasti menyiapkan pasukan besar untuk membobol pertahanan pasukan kita. Aku khawatir pertahanan sayap kiri dan kanan akan kebobolan. Menurutku, pasukan berkuda harus dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Satu pasukan ditempatkan di belakang sayap kanan, dan yang lain ditempatkan di belakang sayap kiri. Apabila musuh berhasil menembus pertahanan sayap kiri atau kanan, para pasukan berkuda berperan membantu mereka. Lalu kita datang menyerbu dari belakang.” Abu ’Ubaidah berkomentar, ”Alangkah jitu usulmu itu!”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Khalid bin Al-Walid pun memerintahkan agar Abu ’Ubaidah ibnul Jarrah pindah ke posisi belakang. Hal ini agar jika ada tentara Islam berlari mundur, ia akan malu saat melihatnya kemudian kembali ke kancah pertempuran. Kemudian Khalid menginstruksikan agar para wanita bersiap-siap dengan pedang, pisau belati, dan tongkat. Khalid berkata, ”Siapa saja yang kalian jumpai melarikan diri dari medan pertempuran, bunuh dia!”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Strategi Pasukan Romawi</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Setelah menerima bantuan personel dari pusat, pasukan Romawi maju dengan kesombongan membawa 240 ribu personel. 80 ribu pasukan pejalan kaki, 80 ribu pasukan berkuda, dan 80 ribu pasukan yang diikat dengan rantai besi (setiap sepuluh tentara diikat menjadi satu agar tidak lari dari peperangan).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Mereka bergerak hingga menutupi seluruh tempat yang ada seakan-akan mereka adalah awan hitam. Mereka berteriak-teriak, mengangkat suara tinggi-tinggi, sementara para pendeta, uskup, maupun pihak gereja mengelilingi pasukan membacakan Injil sambil memotivasi mereka agar gigih dalam berperang.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Pasukan lini depan dipimpin oleh Jarajah (George), sayap kiri dan kanan dipimpin oleh Mahan dan Ad-Daraqus. Pasukan penyerang dipimpin oleh Al-Qolqolan, menantu Heraklius. Adapun pimpinan tertinggi pasukan ini adalah saudara kandung Heraklius yang bernama Tadzariq.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Perundingan sebelum meletusnya Pertempuran</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Abu ’Ubaidah dan Yazid bin Abi Sufyan maju ke arah pasukan Romawi dengan membawa Dhirar bin Al-Azur, Al-Harits bin Hisyam dan Abu Jandal bin Suhail untuk bertemu dengan Tadzariq yang tengah duduk di dalam tenda yang terbuat dari sutera.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Para shahabat berkata, ”Kami tidak dihalalkan memasuki tenda ini.” Maka dibentangkanlah karpet dari sutera dan mereka dipersilahkan untuk duduk di atasnya. Para shahabat berkata, ”Kami tidak diperbolehkan duduk di atasnya.” Akhirnya Tadzariq duduk di tempat yang mereka inginkan. Para shahabat mendakwahinya agar masuk Islam, namun perundingan ini berakhir tanpa hasil. Akhinya mereka pun kembali ke barisan pasukan. Pemimpin sayap kiri Romawi yang bernama Mahan ingin bertemu dengan Khalid bin Al-Walid di antara dua pasukan yang saling berhadapan. Mahan berkata, ”Kami mengetahui bahwa kemiskinan dan kelaparanlah yang mengeluarkan kalian dari negeri kalian. Maukah kalian jika aku beri sepuluh dinar untuk setiap tentara beserta makanan dan pakaian, lalu kalian pulang ke negeri kalian? Dan pada tahun depan aku akan memberikan jatah yang serupa?”</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Khalid bin Al-Walid menjawab, ”Sesungguhnya, bukanlah yang mengeluarkan kami dari negeri kami apa yang engkau sebutkan tadi. Tetapi sebenarnya kami adalah sekelompok manusia peminum darah. Dan telah sampai berita kepada kami bahwa tidak ada darah yang lebih segar daripada darah kalian, bangsa Romawi. Untuk itulah kami datang kesini!” Mendengar jawaban itu para sahabat Mahan berucap, ”Demi Allah, ucapan tersebut baru pertama kali kita dengar dari bangsa ’Arab.”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Jalannya Pertempuran</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Pasukan Romawi pada perang ini keluar dalam jumlah besar yang tidak pernah terjadi sebelumnya. Khalid juga membawa pasukan besar yang tidak pernah terjadi sebelumnya dalam sejarah ’Arab. Tatkala persiapan sudah matang, Khalid memerintahkan untuk memulai dengan perang tanding. Mulailah para jagoan Islam di tiap pasukan maju hingga membuat suasana memanas. Sementara Khalid berdiri menyaksikan laga tersebut.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Ditengah suasana yang sudah memanas, pemimpin pasukan lini depan Romawi yang bernama Jarajah ingin bertemu dengan Khalid di tengah dua pasukan. Ia bertanya mengenai agama Islam, maka Khalid memberitahukan dakwah Islam yang dibawa oleh Nabi Muhammad. Akhirnya, Jarajah masuk Islam, membalikkan sisi perisainya dan masuk ke dalam barisan pasukan Islam.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Melihat pembelotan Jarajah, pasukan Romawi menyerbu ke barisan kaum muslimin. Mahan memerintahkan pasukan sayap kanan menyerang menerobos pertahanan sayap kanan pasukan Islam. Kaum muslimin tetap tegar berjuang di bawah panji-panji mereka, hingga berhasil membendung serangan musuh.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Setelah itu, pasukan besar Romawi datang lagi bak gunung besar yang berhasil memporak-porandakan pasukan sayap kanan, hingga pasukan Islam beralih ke tengah. Tak lama kemudian, mereka saling memanggil agar kembali ke medan laga hingga berhasil memukul mundur kembali. Adapun para wanita, tatkala melihat ada tentara Islam yang lari mundur, mereka segera memukulinya dengan kayu, atau melemparinya dengan batu sehingga tentara tersebut kembali ke kancah peperangan.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Kemudian Khalid beserta pasukannya yang berada di sayap kiri menerobos ke sayap kanan yang kebobolan diserang musuh, hingga berhasil membunuh enam ribu tentara Romawi. Lalu Khalid membawa seratus pasukan berkuda menghadapi seratus ribu tentara Romawi hingga berhasil meluluhlantakkan pasukan musuh.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Pada hari itu, begitu terlihat kegigihan, kesabaran, dan kepahlawanan tentara-tentara Islam hingga pasukan Romawi berputar-putar seperti penumbuk gandum. Mereka tidak melihat, pada perang itu, melainkan kepala-kepala yang berterbangan, tangan-tangan maupun jari-jari yang terpotong, serta semburan darah yang membasahi medan laga.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Ketika itulah, seluruh pasukan Islam menyerbu dengan serentak, untuk kemudian dengan leluasa menghabisi musuh tanpa ada perlawanan sedikit pun. Jarajah pun akhirnya terluka parah dan meninggal dunia. Padahal beliau belum pernah shalat sekalipun, kecuali dua raka’at yang dikerjakan (diajarkan) oleh Khalid ketika baru/awal masuk Islam.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Peperangan ini berawal dari siang hingga malam, sampai kemenangan diraih oleh Islam dan kaum muslimin. Malam itu, pasukan Romawi berlari dalam kegelapan. Adapun pasukan Romawi yang diikat rantai besi, jika salah seorang dari mereka terjatuh, maka terjatuhlah seluruhnya. Malam itu, Khalid bermalam di kemah Tadzariq, pimpinan tertinggi pasukan Romawi.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Pasukan berkuda berkumpul di sekitar kemah Khalid menunggu tentara Romawi yang lewat untuk dibunuh hingga waktu pagi tiba. Tadzariq pun terbunuh. Telah terbunuh pada hari itu 120.000 lebih pasukan Romawi. Adapun tentara Islam yang gugur di medan perang sebanyak tiga ribu pasukan. Kaum muslimin mendapat harta pampasan yang begitu banyak pada perang ini.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;">Demikianlah, kejayaan yang diraih oleh umat Islam tatkala mereka kokoh diatas kemurnian ibadah kepada Allah dan berpegang teguh kepada sunnah (ajaran) Rasul-Nya . Sebagaimana firman Allah (yang artinya):</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><i>”Dan Allah telah berjanji kepada orang-orang yang beriman di antara kamu dan mengerjakan amal-amal sholih bahwa Dia sungguh-sungguh akan menjadikan mereka berkuasa di muka bumi, sebagaimana Dia telah menjadikan orang-orang sebelum mereka berkuasa, dan sungguh Dia akan meneguhkan bagi mereka agama yang telah diridhai-Nya untuk mereka, dan Dia benar-benar akan menukar (keadaan) mereka, sesudah mereka dalam ketakutan menjadi aman sentosa. Mereka tetap menyembah-Ku dengan tiada mempersekutukan sesuatu apapun dengan Aku. Dan barangsiapa yang (tetap) kafir sesudah (janji) itu, maka mereka itulah orang-orang yang fasik.” </i>(An-Nur: 55)</span></b></span>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-87654583552981477672011-09-16T06:59:00.001-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.146-08:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
* Adanya manusia berwajah kera tak berekor yang mempunyai volume otak dua kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan manusia berwajah kera tak berekor lainnya, dan mereka membuat perkakas untuk pertama kalinya sekitar 2 juta tahun yang lalu. Mereka terbagi dalam empat ras yang berbeda setelah 1 juta tahun kemudian dan salah satunya kemudian meninggalkan benua Afrika. Mereka kemudian dapat berbicara dengan bahasa sekitar 400.000 tahun yang lalu dan pada waktu itu mereka sudah tersebar di benua Afrika, Eropa dan Asia.<br />
<br />
* Akhirnya sebuah kelompok besar orang Asia bermigrasi dari benua Asia ke Amerika, ketika benua Asia dan Amerika terhubung di bagian utaranya. Kemudian mereka tinggal di seluruh bagian utara dan selatan benua Amerika, yang mungkin dikenal sebagai bangsa Indian – penduduk asli Amerika yang salah disebutkan namanya oleh Columbus, karena Columbus mengira ia sudah sampai di India, sehingga ia menyebut mereka Indian atau orang-orang India.<br />
<br />
* Patung raksasa Sphinx di Mesir diperkirakan dibangun sekitar tahun 8000 SM (Sebelum Masehi) oleh bangsa berkulit coklat gelap di Afrika utara, 4000 tahun sebelum munculnya peradaban di Mesir. Ukuran waktu dihitung berdasarkan kikisan air hujan pada patung batu tersebut. Cara ini adalah cara yang lebih akurat untuk mengukur usia patung batu tersebut.<br />
<br />
* Daerah Brazil ditemukan lewat jalan laut sekitar tahun 531 SM atau bisa jadi sebelum masa itu oleh bangsa Phoenicians. Bangsa Phoenicians merupakan bangsa pertama yang berdagang melintasi samudera. Mereka tinggal di sekitar Lebanon (merupakan kota berbudaya pertama di dunia) dan mereka telah melintasi samudera Atlantik dari benua Afrika dan mengadakan kegiatan perdagangan dengan masyarakat lokal di sana selama bertahun-tahun. Masyarakat lokal tersebut benar-benar datang dengan berjalan kaki dari Cina bertahun-tahun sebelumnya.<br />
<br />
* Cleopatra (69 sampai 30 SM), Ratu Mesir masih berusia 16 tahun tapi dikenal memiliki nafsu seks yang abnormal (maniak seks) dan waktu itu dia sudah menjadi istri Julius Caesar. Cinta pertamanya adalah saat dia berusia 12 tahun dan dia mempunyai kuil yang khusus ditempati pacar-pacarnya dan melakukan pesta seks di sana. Cleopatra kemudian melakukan bunuh diri ketika berusia 38 tahun.<br />
<br />
* Bangsa Cina menyeberangi samudera dengan kapal besar dan menemukan Meksiko sekitar tahun 459 M dan juga negara-negara lainnya.<br />
<br />
* Bangsa Vikings dari Eropa utara mempunyai daerah jajahan kecil di sekitar pantai timur Amerika sekitar tahun 900 SM.<br />
<br />
* Orang Eropa selatan pertama yang menemukan Amerika utara di tahun 1472 adalah seorang Portugis bernama Joao vas de Corte Real di suatu misi penemuan yang rahasia. Tetapi bangsa Phoenicians barangkali mengunjungi Amerika utara jauh sebelum itu. Dan Columbus datang pertama kali dua puluh tahun kemudian, tahun 1492 dan dia menyebut Haiti untuk Hispaniola!<br />
<br />
* Mills Darden (AS tahun 1798 - 1857) berat badannya 463 kilo, sedangkan istrinya hanya 46 kg<br />
<br />
* Antonio Meucci (1808-1889) dari Italia menemukan telepon 1849 dan Alexander Graham Bell, yang sebenarnya bekerja pada Meucci, mempatenkan salinannya pada tahun 1876 dan mengakui sebagai penemuannya!<br />
<br />
* Sir Joseph Wilson Swan mematenkan untuk pertama kalinya bola lampu pada tahun 1878 di Inggris. Dan Thomas Alva Edison membuat sedikit tiruan yang lebih baik, kemudian ia berusaha untuk mendapatkan paten atas tiruan bola lampunya tersebut di Amerika sekitar satu tahun kemudian. Thomas Alva Edison memperkenalkan bahwa bola lampu listrik adalah hasil penemuannya. Tetapi pada tahun 1892 Perusahaan Edisons merger dengan Swans dan menjadi General Electric dan setelah itu mereka menggunakan metoda asli dari hasil temuan Swans untuk membuat bola lampu.<br />
<br />
* Ilmuwan terkenal Nicola Tesla (1856-1943) menemukan radio pada tahun 1893 dan mematenkannya, berarti Marconi bukanlah penemu sesungguhnya.<br />
<br />
* Keempat buah cerobong kapal Titanic ternyata sebuah tipuan, hanya agar tampak seperti benar-benar empat buah!<br />
<br />
* Charles Lindberg memang manusia ke-82 yang terbang melewati samudra, tetapi ia adalah yang pertama yang melakukannya sendirian.<br />
<br />
* Negara Vatican didirikan tahun 1929 dengan bantuan seorang diktator fasis, Mussolini yang ingin mendapatkan dukungan dari gereja.<br />
<br />
* Penjahat-penjahat paling kejam: Herman Webster Mudgett (1860-1896) yang dikenal sebagai Dr. Harry Howard Holmes telah membunuh sekitar 150 wanita muda, namun ia mengaku “hanya” membunuh 27 orang. Dia menyewakan kamar-kamar di “istana” miliknya di Chicago, yang sebenarnya adalah sebuah rumah horor. Di sana dibuatkannya lorong-lorong rahasia yang berkelok-kelok menembus dari suatu ruangan ke ruangan lainnya, setiap kamar juga dilengkapi dengan lift rahasia, setiap kamar tidur dibikin kedap suara, kolam-kolam asam (barangkali untuk melumatkan mayat), kamar gas, suatu meja pembedahan yang dilengkapi dengan alat meregangkan tubuh manusia, krematorium pribadi, dan suatu gudang bawah tanah (bunker) yang sangat besar dimana ditemukan banyak bagian tubuh manusia yang terpotong-potong. Ia menjual tulang rangka dari korban-korbannya tersebut kepada sekolah-sekolah kedokteran. Korban-korbannya digantungnya selama 10 menit sebelum mati.<br />
<br />
* Albert Fish (1870-1936) seorang kanibal memakan sedikitnya lima belas anak-anak, namun dia hanya dihukum untuk dua kasus pembunuhan dan korban terakhirnya adalah seorang anak berusia sekitar sepuluh tahun bernama Grace Budd, yang dipotongnya dalam ukuran-ukuran kecil dan kemudian dimasaknya dengan potongan-potongan wartel dan bawang. Di dalam surat kepada ibunya ia menulis “ini adalah keledai kecilnya yang dipanggangnya di dalam tungku”.<br />
<br />
* Ibu berusia paling muda di dunia adalah seorang anak dari Peru bernama Lina Medina yang saat ia mengandung berusia lima tahun tujuh bulan. Dia kemudian melahirkan seorang bayi laki-laki yang sehat dengan operasi sesar pada bulan Mei 1939 dan ayah si bayi tidak pernah ditemukan. Orang tuanya pertamakali curiga Lina Medina mengidap semacam tumor, tetapi ternyata dia hamil sejak berusia 4 tahun dan sudah mendapat haid sejak usia tiga tahun. Lina berkembang secara normal dan mendapatkan anak kedua pada tahun 1972, 33 tahun setelah anak pertamanya dilahirkan.<br />
<br />
* Otto Hahn, seorang Jerman membuat ledakan bom atom pertama pada tahun 1938.<br />
<br />
* Ketika menginvasi Belgia, Jerman untuk pertama kali melakukan serangan dengan menggunakan pasukan payung dengan sejumlah boneka untuk membingungkan musuh (Jerman pertama kali tidak menggunakan boneka untuk serangan pasukan payungnya ketika menginvasi Norwegia) ditambah pesawat layang unik yang dilengkapi dengan bom yang benar-benar efisien. Ini dilakukan untuk menghancurkan jembatan-jembatan yang paling penting dan untuk menguasai tempat-tempat “yang hampir mustahil” untuk direbut seperti benteng Eben Emael.<br />
Semua gagasan gila namun berhasil dengan baik telah dikembangkan oleh si genius jahat, Hitler dan semua adalah ide-ide aslinya sendiri. Hitler benar-benar seorang pecinta perang, dan ia benar-benar mendesain untuk pertamakalinya hampir segala sesuatunya sehingga menjadikan Jerman memiliki kekuatan tempur yang mengerikan. Dari mulai setiap detil seragam pasukan perang dan tanda kepangkatan, sampai metoda latihan perang yang kompleks tapi efektif, semuanya adalah idenya sendiri. Walaupun sangat jahat tetapi semua yang dilakukannya sangat mengagumkan.<br />
<br />
* Ketika Inggris memulai rencana untuk menginvasi Norwegia, bebapa bulan sebelumnya Jerman juga melakukannya hal yang sama dengan suatu armada laut yang sangat besar yang berkumpul di laut utara., Tetapi ketika pasukan Inggris bertemu dengan angkatan laut Jerman didekat Oslo, Inggris berbalik arah untuk kembali Norwegia. Namun hanya sedikit pasukan yang terlibat dalam pertempuran itu.<br />
<br />
* Semua gagasan gila namun berhasil dengan baik telah dikembangkan oleh si genius jahat, Hitler dan semua adalah ide-ide aslinya sendiri. Hitler benar-benar seorang pecinta perang, dan ia benar-benar mendesain untuk pertamakalinya hampir segala sesuatunya sehingga menjadikan Jerman memiliki kekuatan tempur yang mengerikan. Dari mulai setiap detil seragam pasukan perang dan tanda kepangkatan, sampai metoda latihan perang yang kompleks tapi efektif, semuanya adalah idenya sendiri. Walaupun sangat jahat tetapi semua yang dilakukannya sangat mengagumkan.<br />
<br />
* Ketika Inggris memulai rencana untuk menginvasi Norwegia, bebapa bulan sebelumnya Jerman juga melakukannya hal yang sama dengan suatu armada laut yang sangat besar yang berkumpul di laut utara., Tetapi ketika pasukan Inggris bertemu dengan angkatan laut Jerman didekat Oslo, Inggris berbalik arah untuk kembali Norwegia. Namun hanya sedikit pasukan yang terlibat dalam pertempuran itu.</span></span>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-70193508478737891882011-09-16T06:43:00.000-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.146-08:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"></span><br />
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">6 PERTEMPURAN PALING BERDARAH</span></h3>
<div class="post-body entry-content" style="line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">
<b style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 12px;">1</b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">. Pertempuran Tannenberg (182.000 Korban)<br /></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><img alt="Pertempuran Tannenberg" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbuN7QmS-NAq3CSKde0gNxuqCufZdO7S78Pt6gHQ-pdMpRrb8QrK5VFUTSs_w-oZE5SWxOvXkiMpGJgKhzcn88Krm79xrgwjrwE6hqVp2j8ct80GPJfT0fYjSp_YetvZHembVPvNAdIuc/s1600/Battle-of-Tannenberg.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" title="" /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="outline-color: initial; outline-width: initial;"><a href="http://tafakursyukur.blogspot.com/2011/04/6-pertempuran-paling-berdarah-dan.html" name="more" style="outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank"></a></span>Setelah invasi Rusia gagal di Timur Prusia, Rusia berhasil untuk menimbulkan kekalahan Jerman di Gumbinnen dan membuatnya mundur ke arah Barat.Jerman dengan cepat pindah dan mengkonsolidasikan Tentara Jerman ke-8 untuk menghentikan pergerakan maju Rusia.<br /><br />2. Pertempuran Arras (278.000 Korban)</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><img alt="Pertempuran Arras" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQyG9hc_hqUahyphenhyphenQBhacT_ABJTUfUbzI56b7miQ_o0eDcZLKi3KgJZIcUJt9wmtmCos_0yzSwGm3QhE8ZTEQL_-lzDouDb_22VLRLL01mhefZgy-ISv4oK1YB_62dmvwnBDtMvqOpIeF-g/s1600/Battle-of-Arras-549x400.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" title="" /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Pada 1917, Front Barat sudah berada di jalan buntu selama dua tahun. Banyak pertempuran berdarah, termasuk rumah jagal di Verdun dan Somme, telah mengakibatkan pada jutaan korban di kedua belah pihak, dan Eropa telah bosan dengan perang.<br /><br />Perintah Sekutu tinggi diperlukan untuk memecahkan garis depan pertahanan Jerman .<br />Tentara Jerman sekarang numerik inferior, dan kemenangan yang solid melanggar garis Jerman dapat dengan mudah mengakhiri perang.<br /><br />Akibatnya, rencana dibentuk untuk serangan parit oleh Jerman di kota Arras, yang dikombinasikan dengan serangan Perancis ke Selatan, diharapkan akan memecahkan kebuntuan di Front Barat dan membawa kemenangan Sekutu.<a href="http://www.zonaaneh.blogspot.com/" style="outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;">zona aneh</a><br /><br />Pertempuran Arras dimulai pada tanggal 9 April 1917, dan upaya awal menyebabkan penangkapan Ridge Vimy strategis penting oleh pasukan Kanada dan keuntungan besar oleh pasukan Inggris di tengah.<br /><br />Namun, ketika pertempuran ditutup pada tanggal 16 Mei 1917, keemajuan pasukan Inggris sempat terhenti. Meskipun kemenangan Inggris taktis, pertempuran tidak menghasilkan terobosan berarti yang diharapkan.Inggris kehilangan 158.000 tentara dalam serangan itu, dan Jerman 120.000 kematian.<br /><br /><br />3. Pertempuran Gallipoli (473.000 Korban)</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><img alt="Pertempuran Gallipoli" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXVoRjCk0oGs5yG32fC4vLWt7sriW7N8Rj1H4GVJCUI_TU8BnODxaeKFswoZo2xYID1bcXW5VF1C52JvnhS2TpIbz-In6hZan8hRoBM5_xGrlCTfr6elvNxssSGrj2DB-4Oo_9U8yVn-U/s640/Battle-of-Gallipoli.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" title="" /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Pada 1915, perang di Barat telah macet. Kedua belah pihak telah membangun jaringan parit besar dan kehilangan banyak tentara dalam serangan sia-sia terhadap posisi musuh yang dibentengi.<br /><br />Selain itu, kekalahan mengejutkan di Tannenberg telah membuat Rusia kembali mundur, mempertaruhkan Sekutu kehilangan kontributor yang berharga bagi upaya perang.<br />Dengan jumlah korban yang tinggi, Sekutu memutuskan bertaruh, demi membuka front kedua.<br /><br />Sir Winston Churchill, Pemimpin pertama Angkatan Laut, memutuskan serangan pada Dardanella di hari Turki modern untuk mengancam Ottoman ibukota Konstantinopel.<br />Para sekutu berharap bagian depan kedua akan membantu memecahkan kebuntuan di Front Barat, dan membawa bantuan kepada Rusia yang terkepung dengan membuka jalur laut untuk memasok bantuan.<br /><br />Ketika serangan angkatan laut awal gagal, Sekutu memutuskan serangan amfibi untuk menghancurkan tentara Ottoman.<br /><br />Para sekutu Turki percaya bahwa hanya akan melipat dan runtuh dengan korban minimal (Kekaisaran Ottoman disebut "orang sakit di Eropa" pada saat itu dan dipandang sebagai kekuatan lemah. Namun, yang sebaliknya terjadi. Pasukan Turki digali di dan menolak, stymieing pendaratan Sekutu Hasil ini,. bersama dengan perencanaan yang buruk pada bagian dari komandan Sekutu, adalah pasukan Sekutu macet di pantai dan gagal untuk mencapai tujuan mereka, dan akhirnya macet Gallipoli depan ke dalam perang parit yang sama seperti yang terlihat di Front Barat Inggris, Australia dan Selandia Baru pasukan bentrok dengan Turki, mencoba untuk keluar dari bunker laut mereka. sekutu akhirnya kehilangan 220.000 orang dan 253.000, dan Kekaisaran Ottoman memperoleh kemenangan yang menakjubkan .<br /><br />Catatan: kampanye Gallipoli dikatakan waktu ketika Australia dan Selandia Baru mulai melihat diri mereka sebagai sebuah negara yang unik dan terpisah dari Inggris, berasal dari kisah-kisah tentang keberanian Australia dan New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC)<br /><br />4. Pertempuran Pertama Marnes (483.000 Korban)</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><img alt="Pertempuran Pertama Marnes" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN_FWBa-dvvnYG2pitn2Iqw_YNgAmhxSJ3dOEG_wDe0bd4-x6JQb_oAuXicunLTV6uSsehahWr7O0hT_iyNNcamRV-eQBtleF178vssMQrqvON6MrsQtLuriOQWwvDbvy46kFSxwINIFs/s1600/First-Battle-of-the-Marnes-300x210.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" title="" /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Pada awal September 1914, tentara Jerman menggilas Belgia dan mendorong melalui Prancis, mengancam Paris. pasukan Inggris dan Perancis telah mengambil korban jiwa mencoba untuk menghentikan Jerman, dan tampaknya bahwa Paris akan jatuh ke pasukan Jerman.<br /><br />Putus asa untuk menghentikan serangan Jerman, pasukan Inggris dan Perancis konsolidasi dari sungai Marnes, di luar Paris.<br /><br />Sekutu akhirnya mampu menghentikan dan mendorong Jerman ke Prancis dalam serangan balik terhadap Jerman oleh enam tentara lapangan Prancis dan satu tentara Inggris, yang menyebabkan korban jiwa kepada tentara Jerman dan memaksa mereka untuk meninggalkan rencana Schliffen dan mundur, dalam hal kemudian dikenal sebagai "Miracle on Marnes".<br /><br />Meskipun Sekutu Menang, pertempuran ini sangat mahal, jumlah korban pasukan Sekutu 263.000 jiwa, dan Jerman 220.000. Selain itu, pertempuran memaksa Jerman mundur dan kemudian konsolidasi dan mulai membangun benteng, menyebabkan Sekutu untuk merespon dan mengarah mereka pada peperangan parit berdarah yang menjadikan ciri pertempuran di Front Barat.<br /><br /><br />5. Perang Serbia (683.000 Korban)</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><img alt="Perang Serbia" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4NdUkX2pgsIsPbXm0hyphenhyphenrXskrNFLqTlt5PeRQAtrBcPEQv8MAi9RSgi4qF939lypob6Sng_-22_OuHfIN_lPBcQHlXa6kJKIQTW-IbY6_NQ6qXVoPXfq_aZuOxgDXmwz7xVtAT3Gtj6ns/s1600/Serbian-Campaign-560x373.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" title="" /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Hampir setiap anak sekolah tahu bahwa Perang Dunia I dimulai ketika Archduke Franz Ferdinand , pewaris tahta Austria-Hungaria, dibunuh oleh Gavrilo Princep nasionalis Serbia.<br />Mereka juga tahu bahwa segera setelahnya, Austria-Hungaria menginvasi Serbia, menyebabkan Rusia menyatakan perang terhadap Austria-Hongaria, dan kemudian Jerman menyatakan perang terhadap Rusia, dan kemudian seterusnya dan sebagainya.<br /><br />Kampanye Serbia dengan Austria dimulai dengan penembakan terhadap Beograd pada 29 Juli 1914, diikuti oleh invasi militer Serbia pada tanggal 12 Agustus.<br /><br />Meskipun kalah jumlah, Serbia berhasil menumpulkan invasi Austria untuk sebagian besar tahun 1914 dan ke 1915, ketika Jerman dan Bulgaria bergabung dengan Austria dalam upaya untuk menaklukkan Serbia dan melancarkan serangan baru, memuncak dalam Pertempuran Kosovo pada bulan November dan Desember tahun 1915, di mana tentara Serbia itu akhirnya hancur dan Serbia mengalami kebinasaan masal.<br /><br />Kampanye ini sangat berdarah bagi kedua belah pihak, dengan Austria, Jerman dan Bulgaria kehilangan 313.500 korban gabungan, dan Serbia kehilangan lebih dari 320.000 tentara.<br /><br /><br />6. Pertempuran Passchendaele (848.614 Korban)</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><img alt="Pertempuran Passchendaele" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixoXWEe6jTLpK4aUTQ4aGc6MNmdoe5yassdiP0Qk8S5llhzvlTYnf5ele1la_9ZJEKRbtjJSnzqzOiN3_MFlAznBTmPJDx0tlA8av_4SPYzOKAeYdgpcZYnt2XZkIvusNBvB9gHiBxudA/s640/Battle-of-Passchendaele.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" title="" /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Juga dikenal sebagai Pertempuran Ypres Ketiga, tujuan dari pertempuran itu untuk menerobos desa-desa dari Passchendaele di Flanders Barat, Belgia dengan mengepung dan memukul mundur tentara Jerman.<br /><br />Dalam serangkaian operasi “bite and hold" melawan barisan pasukan Jerman, Sekutu berusaha untuk memakai siasat terhadap Jerman melalui peperangan atrisi berdarah, memuncak saat pasukan Kanada mengambil kendali Passchendaele pada tanggal 6 November 1917, mengakhiri pertempuran.<br /><br />Kondisi selama pertempuran itu sangat menyedihkan; kedua belah pihak menderita korban yang mengerikan, dengan keuntungan Inggris hanya mendapatkan sebagian kecil daerah baru untuk usaha mereka.<br /><br />Lumpur adalah pemandangan yang sering dijumpai dalam suasana pertempuran itu, tank-tank yang hancur dan bahkan orang - orang tenggelam.Perdana Menteri Inggris saat itu, David Lloyd George, menggunakan pertempuran sebagai contoh strategi memprihatinkan yang tidak masuk akal dan keahlian militer yang buruk.<br /><br />Sekutu kehilangan total 448.614 orang dan Jerman 400.000.orang</span><div class="postmeta-secondary" style="color: #6b7c7a; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="meta_categories" style="padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 3px;"></span></div>
</div>
iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-86072828428794028492011-09-16T06:40:00.001-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.145-08:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #405351; font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 12px;"></span><br />
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="color: #201f1f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
HUMAN WARRIOR</h3>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="post-body entry-content" style="line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Karena lingkungan tugasnya terutama di medan perang, prajurit memang dilatih dan dituntut untuk bersikap tegas dan disiplin. Dalam kehidupan tentara memang dituntut adanya hirarki yang jelas dan para atasan harus mampu bertindak tegas dan berani karena yang dipimpin adalah para pasukan.Dan berikut merupakan pasukan-pasukan dunia yang paling tangguh dan terlatih sepanjang sejarah</span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">10. Aztecs</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrmgfDZ9tV4C56V-cGxC5q-lzZnLfMABhyj7Jfu9Ol9gzU6ZVLEN2uxm1WWd4vJVUEeCyJdmZA4i0CKAc8Ds-oiGWHL0O3DbG2OfILlE6tpeaL-mTRGYF2gI6RkIT0eGKL5NlCQhti1Oc/s1600/aztec.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Suku Aztec terkenal kejam dalam pertempuran. Mereka biasanya berpakaian seperti binatang elang atau jaguar. Mereka menggunakan senjata yang sangat primitif seperti clubs dan busur dengan sangat efektif. Cuachicqueh adalah prajurit yang bersumpah tidak akan mundur bila musuh datang. Mereka akhirnya dikalahkan oleh Spanyol dengan senjata modern yang jauh lebih baik.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">9. Mongol Warriors</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpSI995LNmYEdyZAgEFDvmUjclf8zhWwx0-0iHzp6YWd_44rkLL6YTf7qfxYK6f5zyPW1_9V9_zTSgofVFbYv673xcAblMeeaXNRwiJqA5086XYf7jXrLRrhgrm9_OWqErR_USRuYcUkg/s1600/Mongol.warriors.75.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mongol dianggap barbar dan liar. Mereka mendominasi daerah Eropa dan Asia dan paling terkenal dengan pasukan berkuda yang dipimpin oleh salah satu komandan militer besar dunia, Genghis Khan. Mereka sangat disiplin dan mahir dalam menggunakan busur dan panah di atas punggung kuda. Mereka menggunakan busur komposit yang bisa menembus melalui baju besi dan juga cukup mahir dengan tombak dan pedang. Mereka ahli perang psikologis dan intimidasi, dan membangun salah satu imperium terbesar di dunia yang pernah ada</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">8. Mamluk</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Tjt3fO3Cijo/S_GNHW8nqPI/AAAAAAAABgg/0d1kk1zVahQ/s500/800px-Myrbach-Charge_of_the_Mamluks.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mamluk Seorang prajurit budak yang masuk Islam dan melayani para khalifah Islam dan para sultan Ayyubiyah selama Abad Pertengahan. Seiring waktu, mereka menjadi suatu kasta militer yang kuat dan sering mengalahkan pasukan Salib. Lebih dari sekali, mereka merebut kekuasaan untuk diri mereka sendiri, misalnya, Mesir berkuasa di Kesultanan Mamluk 1250-1517. Setelah mamluk telah masuk Islam, banyak yang terlatih sebagai prajurit kavaleri. Mamluk harus mengikuti perintah furusiyya, kode yang mencakup nilai-nilai seperti keberanian dan kemurahan hati, dan juga taktik kavaleri, menunggang kuda, memanah dan perawatan luka, dll</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">7. Roman Legion</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIzXnY6IOlUlV6OcZz9xk1156Q_QDwjvWtCDfKxEF5fzxWrpk58B5LNh5GQvPhyphenhyphen7mBeDxG1NrccP8WOpCWDHflfevCkeFDAssIeJbw2DjR9IOCOZYDU7wF-IQLdGvM1apYyGb4QtC7ujM/s1600/Roman+legion.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tulang punggung tentara Romawi yang menuju ke sebuah kerajaan yang tak tertandingi dalam hal ukuran dan kekuatan. Mereka biasanya infanteri berat dengan baju besi dan perisai model setelah Yunani kuno. Mereka adalah prajurit kombinasi ahli pedang, tombak dan perisai. Mereka terdiri dari para prajurit mahal yang mampu membuat senjata terbaik dan baja. Mereka disiplin, baik bersenjata, dan strategi besar yang berlangsung di luar kerajaan mereka</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">6. Apache</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJZ1kuaqwPdVvjiaEWRNH3fLXoYUiY_pnr-ZtXTqr2NTm6n_ue2653It44zY92yH58XbQ9j6mm0qI37MagXtO3r3CmWgkVwWqW05KIRnP8LipOXiSv9BJgoxEflghhqDN5yKg5Re2CtDo/s1600/apache.JPG" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Apache seperti ninja dari Amerika. Mereka akan menyelinap dari belakang musuh dan menggorok tenggorokan musuh disadari. Mereka menggunakan senjata primitif yang kebanyakan terbuat dari kayu dan tulang. Mereka juga mahir dalam memakai senjata pisau dan melempar kapak</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">5. Samurai</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUKYlVjnxgZxdBPMfB93g7Cad7X8yOFyJtyKIJ8kX6_6WwfIYGG00v9CaRrnZPhsGY4bsiqMGZJv_JvYkpVPTRUuyLczdCH98UEoXu2GZgyM_Mb48iW8S2TyF_qzgMXexrpxGgD7rwlZI/s1600/samurai_warriors_2.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Samurai adalah ksatria dari Jepang dan tuan dari katana. Mereka adalah tentara bersenjata berat dan memakai baju besi dan bersedia mati untuk tuannya. Mereka memegang pedang paling tajam di dunia dan dengan mudah bisa memotong musuh dalam dua kali gerakan. Mereka juga master dari Yumi (busur) dan menjadi salah satu penembak terbaik dunia. Mereka adalah prajurit profesional dan terlatih dan berjuang keras untuk mendapatkan kehormatan. Karena kebiasaan kekerasan yang mereka perbuat, para petani bangkit melawan mereka dan lahirlah ninja</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">4. Ninja</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFPdFQQ3eLehyphenhyphenV2rbjmozbodWWFeWtm7znFjExur6-KeqS1Vz97yRJMGa1aGcPyyVpa46Y4YeplYNxh73RVuL6SyH_I5JrY0aw7a1PLHSMD9xZBNWsvW9ASstrAK9BZcS3nc6sd_5-Nz8/s1600/ninja_true-ninjas.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ninja sangat ahli dalam teknik stealth dan sabotase. Mereka awalnya adalah kumpulan petani yang dilatih untuk mengalahkan para samurai perampok, tapi akhirnya menjadi pembunuh legendaris. Mereka dikenal dengan menggunakan pedang katana, sumpitan, Shuriken, dan kusarigama yang akan menjadi senjata pilihan. Mereka dikenal sebagai prajurit bayangan yang bersembunyi di malam hari. Mereka biasanya membunuh secara diam-diam. Mereka juga seniman bela diri besar yang menjalani pelatihan keras</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. Vikings</span></b><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieLRgGiKXcgrKoKu0ma3dLIdEQi_mhq0CqAldW-0qywXFB91jOIupFQ5aE1HpvizgDMTZ9vGNAmf9aAgwbjtAvdvjrV5j19vD0-8AH5wwmf7bLze5mxNHs3CHBgQJlcf97-_GR0KpYnno/s1600/vikings.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Viking, penteror dari Eropa. Prajurit yang paling ditakuti dunia kuno. Mereka menteror Eropa dengan serangan mereka dan juga merampok. Mereka ganas dalam pertempuran dan menggunakan senjata yang sesuai tinggi badan mereka. Mereka besar dan sesuai menggunakan kapak mereka, pedang, dan tombak. Mereka ahli dalam menaklukkan kota. Bahkan agama mereka hanyalah perang dan mereka percaya bila mati dalam suatu perang, maka akan hidup di tengah perang yang tak akan usai. Mereka semua akan menjadi tentara yang sangat tangguh, terbukti dari kehebatan mereka dalam menghancurkan target mereka</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. Spartans</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2zyegRCRSU3225cxkhuZ4YdVjwh7ZUcUl2OYJ38sqoH9rjNsoIRIlv8uLO6Oy31JfYgKoWOxh-TRpA3Za7ck3qMBNCDyFzc53GHoSKwCtuOUdLqGEOhix-n7iCzaGIevkeFDIB3gf6NA/s1600/Spartan-8.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Budaya Spartan ialah semua tentang perang dan pelatihan militer pria seumur hidup mereka. Mereka memiliki pepatah: “kembali dengan perisai atau lebih dari itu” yang berarti jangan kembali kecuali Anda menang. Mereka adalah beberapa prajurit paling tangguh di dunia yang pernah dilihat dan telah menjadi terkenal karena pertahanan terakhir mereka pada pertempuran Thermopylae. Mereka adalah master dalam perisai dan tombak yang kemudian ditiru oleh tentara lainnya</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quote:</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. Knights</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="alt2" style="border-bottom-style: inset; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-style: inset; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: inset; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;">
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivmSwhPLdywD1kiGRRxFEHLqw9v2wYSvYUXpDcAr9kAye_csZchD02j9Jmge8ARM6Qu94AsmyXBKGZqeZoN1oYUIoYbcnL7zqFv0ct5t-0fEqaN1C8TRh6WmdRXhEIsMnjVPZupPzckMk/s1600/deutsche+order+teutonic.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Knights adalah pejuang besar yang mengenakan baju pelindung di seluruh tubuh. Mereka adalah prajurit termahal, prajurit paling terlatih, dan memiliki baju besi, senjata dan kuda untuk melaksanakan tugas yang diberikan oleh Raja. Mereka adalah tentara yang sangat efektif yang telah berlatih selama hidup mereka</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-437728771429316732011-09-16T06:37:00.001-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.144-08:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #405351; font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 12px;"></span><br />
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="color: #201f1f; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://tafakursyukur.blogspot.com/2011/06/inilah-gunung-yang-disulap-menjadi.html" style="color: #201f1f; display: block; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;">Inilah Gunung Yang Disulap Menjadi Istana Oleh Kaisar Persia</a></h3><div class="post-body entry-content" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">Di sebelah utara dari kota kuno <i><b>Persepolis di Iran adalah tebing yang indah bernama Naqsh-i-Rustam berada. Pembangunan tebing sangat menakjubkan, sungguh mengherankan di jaman yang begitu kuno peradabannya manusia sudah bisa membuat arsitektur bangunan seindah itu. </b></i><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2P7dX4pN3_UWhVuYY8SGMUXFDZDvSPY3amlP5bsw987GaU4Wp3s17L4XqNL7WrpUHBbaFTc1rAimKJb2ZtQwkI1NQcw3LyACO4SBiNoEWp44KkZNVMRIcP6IKjyd4sqW4IUW9x57jrD0/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-2.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2P7dX4pN3_UWhVuYY8SGMUXFDZDvSPY3amlP5bsw987GaU4Wp3s17L4XqNL7WrpUHBbaFTc1rAimKJb2ZtQwkI1NQcw3LyACO4SBiNoEWp44KkZNVMRIcP6IKjyd4sqW4IUW9x57jrD0/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-2.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div>Istana tebing ini memiliki pintu besar untuk masuk ,di dinding tebing. Total ada 4 pintu masuk raksasa yang juga dikenal sebagai Persilangan Persia.<br />
<br />
ukiran - ukiran di dinding ini dibuat dengan sedemikian detil dan sempurna.Di dalam pintu masuk Anda akan menemukan sebuah camber kecil di mana raja akan berada di sarkofagus, tapi sekarang sudah kosong. tebing-tebing ini juga dikenal sebagai milik Kekaisaran Persia zaman penguasa mulai dari<i><b>Xerxes, Darius dan Cyrus.</b></i><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwLk5r38WL5FaLHLzT-Pmkpoum0vOY2XicKWzvIcwKEj8Zw977HDkNHYQEa4UQpTA7KUG8aBg_nLn0cXsSc9FXVnqTRaaOP-TeyVoU32-8O5WgThuZ_uJ8u8AdlUnACVBgoqNW27_-jTg/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-1.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwLk5r38WL5FaLHLzT-Pmkpoum0vOY2XicKWzvIcwKEj8Zw977HDkNHYQEa4UQpTA7KUG8aBg_nLn0cXsSc9FXVnqTRaaOP-TeyVoU32-8O5WgThuZ_uJ8u8AdlUnACVBgoqNW27_-jTg/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-1.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLUZUvBPfkrzLpYVs1egr6elqgIlaelnmA25mO3SCM6plMmsUPwpygFmmC26qTsTtlfmhnPT8RwudbnUnX0TNByCYyOhlVQYmc5WvLxs4o9ElL-OmIiB_mziOYcpiNZJqKF2mMtSRNA0M/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-3.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLUZUvBPfkrzLpYVs1egr6elqgIlaelnmA25mO3SCM6plMmsUPwpygFmmC26qTsTtlfmhnPT8RwudbnUnX0TNByCYyOhlVQYmc5WvLxs4o9ElL-OmIiB_mziOYcpiNZJqKF2mMtSRNA0M/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-3.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Zdb8dh-U26ABB06vrySEwRafNb8ZT_va7odW6e5R1TcrKlpZhz3pVOfUlYMaXULM7pvFJCbPSfFLfXIbw379PgfF7iNAai5RGQ1W4J5139IEazXwjC0Di5jFjPjIiVHm1IrZAu0LCOQ/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-4.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Zdb8dh-U26ABB06vrySEwRafNb8ZT_va7odW6e5R1TcrKlpZhz3pVOfUlYMaXULM7pvFJCbPSfFLfXIbw379PgfF7iNAai5RGQ1W4J5139IEazXwjC0Di5jFjPjIiVHm1IrZAu0LCOQ/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-4.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhscecA5V1E_eqYFP6Lk1xRNoDG3cpgddiG3bnRN41W7gtffUSUIWR8RrY2lb_1giDV_ugu-VM6rFR2xfbbRwWANLr_DfM5gMAi1NLJjbs0ses0aYnxiHsowhmZ2SIruG5SHMzyXNLC6v4/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-5.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhscecA5V1E_eqYFP6Lk1xRNoDG3cpgddiG3bnRN41W7gtffUSUIWR8RrY2lb_1giDV_ugu-VM6rFR2xfbbRwWANLr_DfM5gMAi1NLJjbs0ses0aYnxiHsowhmZ2SIruG5SHMzyXNLC6v4/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-5.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK0aM1T3HnLZ21udjGjO39zM9RxqM3CVaix9RTyy63xezuxUlIr8Ykhc_CqTApqulRVV7JoQLSOtKeq6BTq1uoBIFNQqHP_X_mLfATGxJ0Yxdz8WInk3-RZrezl8hcgBX255UPLhArMqk/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-6.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK0aM1T3HnLZ21udjGjO39zM9RxqM3CVaix9RTyy63xezuxUlIr8Ykhc_CqTApqulRVV7JoQLSOtKeq6BTq1uoBIFNQqHP_X_mLfATGxJ0Yxdz8WInk3-RZrezl8hcgBX255UPLhArMqk/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-6.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsMIPSH15xHwT_a-INxzGGWojaw_Cvf-aT3jjl6LUVzz18kuz4Sr36BVaR2XlJ2nxeNEWNu_e4IeVh5EEfYgigC-XlCuvsYVFakSvoJP9B83WrKApjRiSJCJnS5JqXqY-141a4J9hYEds/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-7.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsMIPSH15xHwT_a-INxzGGWojaw_Cvf-aT3jjl6LUVzz18kuz4Sr36BVaR2XlJ2nxeNEWNu_e4IeVh5EEfYgigC-XlCuvsYVFakSvoJP9B83WrKApjRiSJCJnS5JqXqY-141a4J9hYEds/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-7.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmEaTJPR9hiNcOMDxDR2I0ZFwM2PxxDknKvbL4J5t9vi1vYE-u4BHlSnEy_gVo2cDc9hKwYLN8dCJRQueWDPJWvLUk4YGnspQKIvNqDK8l4B_R6pOlkh0HrjvfpxBganJBf5LtHQE49Ws/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-8.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmEaTJPR9hiNcOMDxDR2I0ZFwM2PxxDknKvbL4J5t9vi1vYE-u4BHlSnEy_gVo2cDc9hKwYLN8dCJRQueWDPJWvLUk4YGnspQKIvNqDK8l4B_R6pOlkh0HrjvfpxBganJBf5LtHQE49Ws/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-8.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn-8qJcVxXGeJ-sOLroPHyymDM8eIk3pAtURneDNQO-kOflkIlR8cAEzOW2f48i0bmQgKZv99CAfXxHP0_Yb92WEPmSDiWVTBZxQxyEVaVpS0Jff1Oct3uSTO8w1JWnBqrO8gUf9YLBQ0/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-9.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn-8qJcVxXGeJ-sOLroPHyymDM8eIk3pAtURneDNQO-kOflkIlR8cAEzOW2f48i0bmQgKZv99CAfXxHP0_Yb92WEPmSDiWVTBZxQxyEVaVpS0Jff1Oct3uSTO8w1JWnBqrO8gUf9YLBQ0/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-9.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFjhsJ9ivzwXrPuoGiP6U-waFyp_8DAvpNpa9dvbwdbZUV_BecX0uvxFqUIGyKtJwGbLLlt-vok5ajmFwQHOViWB2Viw171hsDxb_Gi_nJftek0Bk6kq00lEhHWkbyHBn57wPkpAeFFSg/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-10.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFjhsJ9ivzwXrPuoGiP6U-waFyp_8DAvpNpa9dvbwdbZUV_BecX0uvxFqUIGyKtJwGbLLlt-vok5ajmFwQHOViWB2Viw171hsDxb_Gi_nJftek0Bk6kq00lEhHWkbyHBn57wPkpAeFFSg/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-10.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div>Di luar juga memiliki relief ukiran berbentuk orang dan kuda, dan prasasti tertua Iran yang pernah tercatat juga dapat ditemukan di sana.<br />
Ini daya tarik wisata dan cara yang baik untuk mengenal sejarah dan budaya Persia tua. Sesuatu yang dapat mengingatkan kita pada Kekaisaran Persia ini adalah Kota Gua yang indah di Georgia yang sebenarnya sebuah adalah biara.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM8tqCYoGMnTTgcGuE5CwoC7-znufnd2GrdVVKqx53Pg_dEFN2ItCkq1eD6HyIkB1Dasx-uUH3bGRo1E5I7j6CBp3_4P8q7sm58fVdNguhrV2H6ANLnL4jZNegJNA9tJ4wmz045s8UbOo/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-11.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM8tqCYoGMnTTgcGuE5CwoC7-znufnd2GrdVVKqx53Pg_dEFN2ItCkq1eD6HyIkB1Dasx-uUH3bGRo1E5I7j6CBp3_4P8q7sm58fVdNguhrV2H6ANLnL4jZNegJNA9tJ4wmz045s8UbOo/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-11.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTrivn4sqyEB75JO4UskHtGPpkpSM4KmTsKAkXb2ykyYr87W_b7cJBmPwXFtzeAtySH_fK8B23tMaPY0RDnb9MBiMHYpWSwgGPACQKyoo_39sWy1SJ1roVdMdEbierkl2MMmno4ZK8F9Y/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-12.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTrivn4sqyEB75JO4UskHtGPpkpSM4KmTsKAkXb2ykyYr87W_b7cJBmPwXFtzeAtySH_fK8B23tMaPY0RDnb9MBiMHYpWSwgGPACQKyoo_39sWy1SJ1roVdMdEbierkl2MMmno4ZK8F9Y/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-12.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaLx8oDwdtxLEbvawMRecvv0m5KgpEdjtY3TesEQoZw-v4k9G1j0e_ElFpzKi6WHzrfZmsV2GpnQO29VEPfUVVVdRtU524LHCps7CP6YacgZLRNgMHtMYQtR7HIx9oNzOmUI15dz1YuUc/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-13.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaLx8oDwdtxLEbvawMRecvv0m5KgpEdjtY3TesEQoZw-v4k9G1j0e_ElFpzKi6WHzrfZmsV2GpnQO29VEPfUVVVdRtU524LHCps7CP6YacgZLRNgMHtMYQtR7HIx9oNzOmUI15dz1YuUc/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-13.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMl7u_t6uizDT0S5VLpvQUnVqi9QYEE-f9hnemn-xSmLy1WNNsJKHmgpToiYNsydbGlMtCvD8PxuscXGdEQu2En_r-W6B30L4xdJmMMkTWwBy-61VLs5gQvFCKJ48jPeM6IVY8jHEzmn0/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-14.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMl7u_t6uizDT0S5VLpvQUnVqi9QYEE-f9hnemn-xSmLy1WNNsJKHmgpToiYNsydbGlMtCvD8PxuscXGdEQu2En_r-W6B30L4xdJmMMkTWwBy-61VLs5gQvFCKJ48jPeM6IVY8jHEzmn0/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-14.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9x-3DTV5N2gpnfBX5SRn68cnzMAGZaach0ujF_MjGAZbM-Kn-kSQNZceOiMxnMgun_ngmTQobuvLiYK3M52BAamNaxWouPF6OxjN4qOs3oBKbYJhhyL0UhywoJOzL4KPHSy699IAoaW0/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-15.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9x-3DTV5N2gpnfBX5SRn68cnzMAGZaach0ujF_MjGAZbM-Kn-kSQNZceOiMxnMgun_ngmTQobuvLiYK3M52BAamNaxWouPF6OxjN4qOs3oBKbYJhhyL0UhywoJOzL4KPHSy699IAoaW0/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-15.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOHy4BZdmA9RdF_plHa_voUyniT-DYAAvgY5U8RwuHOfOX4Mf-s0rY4DNHSZV8_fkgNal3rfNf3R0oCvWbX-wHXnxKVyMh48D4XbBtkdzNgaomz9kpFR-aXmPcaQqCivI7V8ywM_E1s3o/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-16.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOHy4BZdmA9RdF_plHa_voUyniT-DYAAvgY5U8RwuHOfOX4Mf-s0rY4DNHSZV8_fkgNal3rfNf3R0oCvWbX-wHXnxKVyMh48D4XbBtkdzNgaomz9kpFR-aXmPcaQqCivI7V8ywM_E1s3o/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-16.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA7rlND0BbE_3DtGJwyJz0e3Sm7pk5BWKeFtQ09zZ4qTQhoBKrspYTFSEDZWuz_vYYhm-PpnIBkrCFFgiAvJWEjaIeSpb4QdA_e2oZU-3eh72rAjLb8OiWuKXO_81rr-ArnmAWNvmtRTg/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-17.jpg" style="color: #d5074b; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: underline;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA7rlND0BbE_3DtGJwyJz0e3Sm7pk5BWKeFtQ09zZ4qTQhoBKrspYTFSEDZWuz_vYYhm-PpnIBkrCFFgiAvJWEjaIeSpb4QdA_e2oZU-3eh72rAjLb8OiWuKXO_81rr-ArnmAWNvmtRTg/s1600/naqsh-i-rostam-17.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px;" /></a> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div>iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-54482382338258584932011-09-16T06:31:00.001-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.143-08:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f5f5ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 16px;">
<strong>Muaythai Thaiboxing</strong></div>
<hr size="1" style="background-color: #d1d1e1; color: #d1d1e1;" />
<div align="center">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: impact;">Muay Thai Thai Boxing</span></span></b><br /><span><b>มวยไทย</b></span><br /><br /><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-9mPSC9sON6zw4GSI7v4jB0eX9dnYKofilZ-3LK1BPqtjyb1yzoiv6KIL4oVqNpCx-PH7MLUwgL8W9mY5w9zMX-3X2j5URSIFzoqE8xBnkZdKtNXHqcyLyw-PMs0F7yarE2xODRSSxaw/s800/muay%252520%252520gif.gif" /></div>
<br /><br /><br />Muay Thai adalah seni bela diri tangan kosong kuno yang berasal dari Thailand. Seorang petarung Muay Thai melakukan serangan ke kepala, badan, dan kaki lawannya dengan menggunakan kepalan, sikut, lutut dan tulang kering. Pada dasarnya Muaythai mempunyai bentuk pukulan yang hampir sama dengan jenis pukulan tinju ala barat. Muay Thai pada masa sekarang juga popular dengan nama lain “ Thai Boxing “.<br /><br /><b>Sejarah</b><br />Thai Boxing sendiri memiliki sejarah yang panjang di Thailand, militer Thailand menggunakan bentuk modifikasi dari Thai Boxing yang disebut Lerdrit. Thai Boxing tradisional, seperti yang diajarkan sekarang, sedikit berbeda dari aslinya, menggunakan tendangan dan tinju dalam sebuah arena dan menggunakan sarung tinju seperti yang digunakan pada tinju di negara barat. Thai Boxing mengacu pada sebutan “seni delapan lengan” Thai Boxing dianggap sebagai pengembangan dari ilmu bela diri tradisional yang berasal dari Asia Tenggara. Muaythai adalah jenis beladiri yang pertama kali dipopulerkan di luar asia tenggara dari berbagai jenis bela diri tradisional yang terdapat di asia tenggara<br />Peneliti beladiri menyebutkan bahwa Muay Thai merupakan bagian dari keterampilan beladiri yang berasal dari Thailand yang bernama Krabi Krabong ( Beladiri militer yang menggunakan senjata ). Ketika tidak dipersenjatai para praktisi Krabi Krabong beralih ke tehik bertarung yang menggunakan kaki dan tehnik bantingan. Berkembang seiring dengan waktu maka terciptalah muay boran (aliran muay thai kuno). muay boran dibagi menjadi Muay ThaSao (Utara), Muay Thai Korat (Timur atau timur laut), Muay Thai Lobburee (daerah tengah) and Muay Thai Chaiya (Selatan).<br />Ada pepatah tentang Muay Thai Boran yang berbunyi "Tinju Korat, Kecerdasan Lobburee, Sikap Chaiya, kecepatan Thasao. (หมัดหนักโคราช ฉลาดลพบุรี ท่าดีไชยา ไวกว่าท่าเสา)".<br />Muay Korat menekankan pada kekuatan. Ada teknik yang disebut " Tinju pelempar Kerbau ", sebab menurut dugaan tehnik ini dapat mengalahkan seekor kerbau liar hanya dengan satu pukulan .<br />Muay Lobburee menekankan pada pergerakan yang lincah. Andalannya adalah pukulan lurus dan pukulan memutar.<br />Muay Chaiya menekankan pada pertahanan dan postur, seperti halnya lutut dan siku. Muay Thasao menekankan pada kecepatan, terutama pada tendangan. Oleh karena kecepatan mereka yang melebihi lainnya Muay Boran jenis ini disebut juga " Ling Lom" ( monyet angin atau Loris).<br />Thai Boxing saat ini menjadi olahraga beladiri yang sangat digemari dan tersebar di selurh penjuru dunia, sebagai olahraga kompetisi, seni beladiri dan bagi sebagian orang menjadi gaya hidup.<br /><br /><b>Metode</b><br />Muay Thai adalah metode beladiri yang tidak memerlukan senjata karena tubuh kita (tulang dan daging) adalah senjatanya. Didefinisikan seperti ini karena pada zaman dulu seorang tentara perang Thailand menggunakan senjata yang alami pada tubuh manusia, yang merupakan tiruan dari senjata peperangan, yang dapat diilustrasikan sebagai berikut :<br /><br /><br /><div align="center">
<b>TANGAN MEMUKUL seperti ANAK PANAH<br />LENGAN diumpamakan seperti PEDANG<br />SIKUT dan LUTUT digunakan seperti suatu KAMPAK peperangan<br />TULANG KERING KAKI dikondisikan untuk membentur seperti TONGKAT<br />bekerja seperti TOMBAK</b></div>
<br /><br />Yang harus kita pahami yaitu mengenai pusat kekuatan manusia yang tak lain adalah perut, dan pada poin inilah aliran tenaga dimulai, dan dari sinilah tenaga mulai bergerak, mengitari tubuh dan menjalar keanggota badan lainnya. Jadi konsentrasi integrasi kekuatan, kecepatan dan koordinasi otot-otot merupakan inti dari segala teknik<br /><br />Tentunya banyak keuntungan untuk Anda mempelajari Thai Boxing seperti stamina yang prima, pembakaran lemak, pembakaran kolesterol serta pembentukan tubuh dan yang paling penting, adalah untuk menjaga diri dengan bela diri ini.<br /><br /><b>Teknik Dasar</b><br /><br />• Footwork<br /><br />• Pukulan<br />Jab: pukulan lurus dengan menggunakan tangan kiri. Untuk Anda yang kidal pukulan dilakukan dengan menggunakan tangan kanan. Target pukulan jab adalah wajah dan tubuh bagian depan.<br />Strike: pukulan lurus dari arah belakang dengan tangan lain yang tidak digunakan saat pukulan jab. Jika pukulan jab Anda menggunakan tangan kiri, maka strike menggunakan tangan kanan Anda dan sebaliknya. Target pukulan strike sama dengan jab.<br />Hook: Pukulan menyamping, targetnya adalah wajah dan tubuh bagian samping.<br />Upper Cut: Pukulan dari bawah ke atas. Targetnya lebih banyak lagi, bisa tubuh bagian samping maupun depan. Selain itu, dagu juga menjadi target pukulan ini.<br /><br /><div align="center">
<b>Gambar</b><br /></div>
<br />• Tendangan<br />Low Kick: tendangan kaki lurus ke depan setinggi pinggang. Target dari tendangan ini adalah bagian pinggang ke bawah.<br />Middle Kick: tendangan kaki lurus ke depan setinggi pinggang hingga ketiak. Target dari gerakan ini adalah tubuh bagian tengah.<br />High Kick: tendangan tinggi dengan target bagian kepala.<br />Push Kick: tendangan kaki yang gerakannya seperti mendorong. Gerakan ini bisa dilakukan lurus ke depan ataupun ke arah bawah dan atas.<br /><br /><div align="center">
<b>Gambar</b><br /></div>
<br />• Sikutan<br />Vertical: gerakan dengan menggunakan sikut yang bergerak dari atas ke bawah.<br />Horizontal: serupa dengan gerakan sikut vertical namun gerakan sikut sejajar.<br />Smashing Elbow: gerakan dengan sikut yang menyerupai gaya smash.<br />Upper Cut Elbow: sama dengan pukulan upper cut namun fokus pada sikut. Sikut digerakan dari bawah ke atas.<br /><br /><div align="center">
<b>Gambar</b><br /></div>
<br />• Dengkulan<br />Upper Cut Knee: lutut digerakkan dari bawah ke atas. Serupa dengan gerakan upper cut yang lain namun fokus dengan menggunakan lutut.<br />Hook Knee: hampir sama dengan pukulan hook tapi mengunakan lutut.<br />Circle Knee: gerakan lutut memutar yang disertai dengan bagian badan yang juga memutar. Target gerakan ini adalah iga dan paha bagian samping.<br /><br /><div align="center">
<b>Gambar</b><br /><br /><a href="http://www.picoodle.com/view.php?img=/3/9/22/f_melkneem_5252f47.jpg&srv=img26" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://img26.picoodle.com/data/img26/3/9/22/f_melkneem_5252f47.jpg" /></a></div>
<br /><br />Teknik Lanjutan<br />• Serangan<br />• Clinch<br />Gerakan ini hanya digunakan saat pertandingan Muay Thai. Gerakannya adalah seperti merangkul lawan dari arah depan. Berguna untuk menyerang lawan dengan menggunakan dengkul.<br /><br /><div align="center">
<b>Gambar</b><br /><br /><a href="http://www.picoodle.com/view.php?img=/3/9/22/f_thaipic8005m_5b16c02.jpg&srv=img29" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://img29.picoodle.com/data/img29/3/9/22/f_thaipic8005m_5b16c02.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />• Teknik Kombinasi<br />• Sparring<br /><br /><b>Perlengkapan Tarung</b><ul>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Gloves (Sarung Tinju)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Mouth Guard (Pelindung Gigi)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Shorts (Celana)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Handswrap (Pembalut Tangan)</li>
</ul>
<br /><div align="center">
<b>Gambar</b><br /><br /><a href="http://www.picoodle.com/view.php?img=/3/9/23/f_gearm_065c6d6.jpg&srv=img32" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://img32.picoodle.com/data/img32/3/9/23/f_gearm_065c6d6.jpg" /></a></div>
<br /><br /><b>Peralatan Latihan</b><ul>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Heavy Bags (Sansak)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Haed Guard (Pelindung Kepala)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Shin Guard (Pelindung Kaki)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Muay Thai Pads (Pad Tendangan)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Belly Pads (Pad Tendangan Perut)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Low Kick Pads (Pad untuk tendangan Sapuan)</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Muay Thai Jump Rope (Lompat tali untuk Muay Thai [lebih berat])<br /><b><div align="center">
Gambar</div>
</b><br /><div align="center">
<a href="http://www.picoodle.com/view.php?img=/3/9/23/f_garsm_976fb0c.jpg&srv=img32" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://img32.picoodle.com/data/img32/3/9/23/f_garsm_976fb0c.jpg" /></a><br /></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="center">
<br /></div>
<br /><b>Program Latihan</b><ul>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Pemanasan / Stretching : 10 menit</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Lari : 10 Km<br /></li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Skipping (Lompat Tali) : 20 menit</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Shadow Box & Drill : 20 menit</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Memukul & Menendang Sansak : 30 menit</li>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Clinch / sparring : 30 menit</li>
</ul>
<br />Program ini untuk profesional, untuk pemula menyesuaikan<br /><br /><b>Sinematografi</b><br /><br />2007, Bintang Ryan McCarthy dan Jake , Film : Never Back Down.<br />2004, Muay Thai boxer Asanee Suwan, Film Beautiful Boxer.<br />1971 Shaw Brothers Studio , Film: Duel of Fists.Ti Lung .<br />2005, Bintang Tony Jaa,film : Ong-Bak, The Protector, Born to Fight, dan Tom-Yum-Goong.<br />2006, Bintang Dida Diafat, film : Chok Dee.<br />1999, Bintang Jean Claude van Damme, film : Kickboxer.<br />2007, Muaythai Chaiya (Film wajib pecinta muaythai)<br /><br /><b>Links</b><br /><ul>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Organisasi</li>
</ul>
<br /><a href="http://www.wmcmuaythai.org/" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank">www.wmcmuaythai.org</a><br /><a href="http://www.ifmamuaythai.org/" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank">www.ifmamuaythai.org</a><br /><a href="http://www.famaasiamuaythai.org/" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank">www.famaasiamuaythai.org</a><br /><a href="http://www.muaythai.cc/" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank">www.muaythai.cc</a><br /><a href="http://www.muayindonesia.org/" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank">www.muayindonesia.org</a><br /><ul>
<li style="font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 10pt; font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Sasana / Club</li>
</ul>
Indonesia<br /><a href="http://www.mt-tc.com/" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank">www.mt-tc.com</a><br /><a href="http://www.baanmuaythaiclub.com/" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank">www.baanmuaythaiclub.com</a><br /><a href="http://www.rambothaiboxing.com/" style="color: #22229c;" target="_blank">www.rambothaiboxing.com</a><br /><br /><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.strikeforcegym.co.nz/fighter.gif" />iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271363019052054382.post-70977623993609858162011-09-09T22:58:00.000-07:002011-11-11T05:53:18.147-08:00persia ( baru baru )<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #c0deed; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 13px;"></span><br />
<div align="justify" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Persia adalah salah satu suku yang tergolong dalam Bangsa Iran, menggunakan bahasa Persia dan juga mempunyai persamaan dalam kebudayaan dengan bangsa Iran yang lainnya. Bangsa ini mayoritas di Iran dan minoritas di beberapa negara-negara lain seperti Afganistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Amerika Serikat, Kuwait, Turki, Uni Emirat Arab, Irak dan juga beberapa negara di Timur Tengah.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Islam_Persia_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Persia_.28700.E2.80.931400.29">Islam Persia dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Persia (700–1400)</span></h3>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Setelah pemelukan Islam, orang-orang Persia mulai membentuk gambaran Islam Persia, di mana mereka melestarikan gambaran sebagai orang Persia tetapi pada masa yang sama juga sebagai muslim. Pada abad ke-8 M, Parsi memberi bantuan kepada <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbassiyah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Abbassiyah">Abbassiyah</a> memerangi tentara <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Umayyah">Umayyah</a>, karena Bani Umayyah hanya mementingkan bangsa Arab dan memandang rendah kepada orang Persia. Pada zaman Abbassiyah, orang-orang Persia mulai melibatkan diri dalam administrasi kerajaan. Sebagian mendirikan dinasti sendiri.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Pada abad kesembilan dan kesepuluh, terdapat beberapa kebangkitan ashshobiyyah Persia yang menentang gagasan Arab sebagai Islam dan Muslim. Tetapi kebangkitan ini tidak menentang identitas seorang Islam. Salah satu dampak kebangkitan ini ialah penggunaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Persia">bahasa Persia</a> sebagai bahasa resmi Iran (hingga hari ini.)</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Pada zaman ini juga, para ilmuwan Persia menciptakan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Zaman Kegemilangan Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman Kegemilangan Islam</a>. Sementara itu Persia menjadi tumpuan penyebaran ilmu sains, filsafat dan teknik. Ini kemudian memengaruhi sains di Eropa dan juga kebangkitan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Bermula pada tahun 1220, Parsi dimasuki oleh tentera Mongolia di bawah pimpinan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, diikuti dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamerlane" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a>, dimana kedua penjelajah ini menyebabkan kemusnahan yang parah di Persia.</div>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Persia&action=edit&section=7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Islam Syi'ah, Kekaisaran Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Modern (1501 – 1979)">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Islam_Syi.27ah.2C_Kekaisaran_Safawi.2C_Dinasti_Qajar.2FPahlavi_dan_Iran_Modern_.281501_.E2.80.93_1979.29">Islam Syi'ah, Kekaisaran Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Modern (1501 – 1979)</span></h3>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Parsi mulai berganti menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syiah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Syiah">Syiah</a> pada zaman <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Safawi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Dinasti Safawi (halaman belum tersedia)">Safawi</a>, pada tahun 1501. Dinasti Safawi kemudian menjadi salah sebuah penguasa dunia yang utama dan mulai mempromosikan industri pariwisata di Iran. Di bawah pemerintahannya, arsitektur Persia berkembang kembali dan menyaksikan pembangunan monumen-monumen yang indah. Kejatuhan Safawi disusuli dengan Persia yang menjadi sebuah medan persaingan antara kekuasaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kekaisaran Rusia">Kekaisaran Rusia</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Britania" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kekaisaran Britania">Kekaisaran Britania</a> (yang menggunakan pengaruh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Qajar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Dinasti Qajar">Dinasti Qajar</a>). Namun begitu, Iran tetap melestarikan kemerdekaan dan wilayah-wilayahnya, menjadikannya unik di rantau itu. Modernisasi Iran yang bermula pada lewat abad ke-19, membangkitkan keinginan untuk berubah dari orang-orang Persia. Ini menyebabkan terjadinya Revolusi Konstitusi Persia pada tahun 1905 hingga 1911. Pada tahun 1921, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Khan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Reza Khan">Reza Khan</a> (juga dikenal sebagai Reza Shah) mengambil alih tahta melalui perebutan kekuasaan dari Qajar yang semakin lemah. Sebagai penyokong modernisasi, Shah Reza memulai pembangunan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Industri">industri</a> modern, jalan kereta api, dan pendirian sistem pendidikan tinggi di Iran. Malangnya, sikap aristokratik dan ketidakseimbangan pemulihan kemasyarakatan menyebabkan banyak rakyat Iran tidak puas.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, tentara Inggris dan Uni Soviet menyerang Iran dari 25 Agustus hingga 17 September 1941, untuk membatasi Blok Poros dan menggagas infrastruktur penggalian minyak Iran. Blok Sekutu memaksa Shah untuk melantik anaknya, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> menggantikannya, dengan harapan Mohammad Reza menyokong mereka.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Malangnya, pemerintahan Shah Mohammad Reza bersifat otokratis. Dengan bantuan dari Amerika dan Inggris, Shah meneruskan modernisasi Industri Iran, tetapi pada masa yang sama menghancurkan partai-partai oposisi melalui badan intelijennya, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SAVAK&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="SAVAK (halaman belum tersedia)">SAVAK</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatollah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> menjadi oposisi dan pengkritik aktif terhadap pemerintahan Shah Mohammad Reza dan kemudian ia dipenjarakan selama delapan belas bulan. Melalui nasihat jenderal <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassan_Pakravan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Hassan Pakravan (halaman belum tersedia)">Hassan Pakravan</a>, Khomeini dibuang ke luar negeri dan diantar ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Turki">Turki</a> dan selepas itu ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Irak">Irak</a>.</div>
</div>
iDeahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00071483849683131899noreply@blogger.com0